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Title: Molecular Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Afnan Naeem, Hafsa Waseem, Sakhawat Ali, Javaid Usman, Mehreen Gilani, Amna Javed
Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)
Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2022
Volume: 72
Issue: 4
Language: English
DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72i4.7047
Keywords: polymerase chain reactionChlamydia trachomatisPelvic inflammatory diseaseSexually transmitted infections
Objective: To detect the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine samples of women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease visiting a tertiary care hospital using a Polymerase Chain Reaction assay and find an association between different risk factors.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College/National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: Over eleven months, 60 diagnosed urine samples of married females with pelvic inflammatory disease between the ages of 14-49 years were included in the study. DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis from urine samples was extracted manually using the commercially available kit. It was detected by performing a real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay using a forward primer (5’-CATGAAAACTCGTTCCGAAATAGAA-3’) and a reverse primer (5’-TCAGAGCTTTACCTAACAACGCATA-3’) of sequence mentioned above for amplification of target sequences, of the Chlamydia trachomatis.
Results: Out of sixty cases included in this study, Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 12 cases (20%), and 48 cases (80%) were negative. So, the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in our study population was estimated at 20%. In addition, age, socioeconomic status, education and no of sexual partners were all risk factors were evaluated for their role in acquiring infection.
Conclusion: Females having Chlamydia trachomatis infection and other sexually transmitted infections are at an increased risk of developing Pelvic Inflammatory disease due to the presence of risk factors and the asymptomatic nature of the disease.
To detect the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine samples of women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease visiting a tertiary care hospital using a Polymerase Chain Reaction assay and find an association between different risk factors.
Cross-sectional study involving 60 diagnosed married females with pelvic inflammatory disease (ages 14-49 years) over eleven months. Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was extracted from urine samples using a commercial kit and detected via real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay with specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.
graph TD
A["Obtain IRB Approval"] --> B["Recruit 60 diagnosed PID patients"];
B --> C["Collect Urine Samples"];
C --> D["Extract C. trachomatis DNA"];
D --> E["Perform Real-time PCR Assay"];
E --> F["Analyze PCR Results"];
F --> G["Statistical Analysis SPSS 23"];
G --> H["Identify Associations with Risk Factors"];
H --> I["Draw Conclusions"];
The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in this study (20%) is comparable to findings in neighboring countries like India. The mean age of infected females was 24.38 years. The study highlights the asymptomatic nature of Chlamydia trachomatis and its link to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Differences in the association with multiple sexual partners compared to international studies are attributed to cultural and social factors in Pakistan. Socioeconomic status and education did not show a significant impact, possibly due to the study population's demographic profile.
Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 12 out of 60 cases (20%), while 48 cases (80%) were negative. A statistically significant association was found between the number of sexual partners and the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis infection (p=0.046). Most positive cases belonged to a low socioeconomic status. No significant association was found between Chlamydia trachomatis and the level of education.
Females with Chlamydia trachomatis infection are at an increased risk of developing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection and the presence of risk factors. PCR is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis.
1. Prevalence: Chlamydia trachomatis DNA was detected in 20% of the study population.
2. Sample Size: 60 diagnosed urine samples of married females with pelvic inflammatory disease were included.
3. Study Duration: The study was conducted from March 2018 to January 2019.
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