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Cephalometric Analysis Difference Between Skeletal and Soft Tissue Measurements


Article Information

Title: Cephalometric Analysis Difference Between Skeletal and Soft Tissue Measurements

Authors: Sundas Mehmood, Abdullah Jan, Muska Ijaz, Fareena Ghaffar, Khadija Bibi, Alaina Tariq

Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)

HEC Recognition History
Category From To
Y 2024-10-01 2025-12-31
Y 2023-07-01 2024-09-30
Y 2021-07-01 2022-06-30
Y 2020-07-01 2021-06-30
Y 1900-01-01 2005-06-30

Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2022

Volume: 72

Issue: 3

Language: English

DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72i3.4539

Keywords: CephalometrySkeletal measurementsSoft-tissue measurements

Categories

Abstract

Objective: To compare the skeletal and soft tissue measurements of the dento-facial region in a cephalometric study done in the Pakistani population.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2019.
Methodology: Total 160 subjects were enrolled in the study. Lateral cephalograms were recorded for all the study participants in natural head position. Patients were divided into Class I, II, and III according to the skeletal pattern. The distances of skeletal and soft tissue landmarks relative to the respective norm values and the angles between the Nasion Sella line and Frankfurt horizontal to the natural head position were measured and compared in the three classes using chi-square.
Results: Out of 160 patients, 96 (60%) patients were males, and 64 (40%) were females. In our study, 92 (57.5%) patients were classed in class I, 46 (28.75%) in class II and 22 (13.75%) in class III. The mean score of A point, Nasion, and B point angle was 7.5 ± 1.112, while the beta angle was 30.5 ± 2.214. The mean score of facial convexity angle was 14.1 ± 2.124, while the mean vertical height ratio was 1.05 ± 0.11. Both skeletal and soft tissue measurements significantly predict the skeletal pattern and discrepancy (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion: Lateral cephalograms and radiography measures emerged as reliable techniques to classify the patients in various skeletal patterns. Factors like age and gender do not influence skeletal discrepancies.


Research Objective

To compare the skeletal and soft tissue measurements of the dento-facial region in a cephalometric study done in the Pakistani population.


Methodology

Comparative cross-sectional study involving 160 subjects aged 12-30 years. Lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position. Subjects were classified into skeletal Class I, II, and III. Skeletal measurements (ANB angle, beta angle) and soft tissue measurements (facial convexity angle, vertical height ratio) were taken and compared using the chi-square test.

Methodology Flowchart
                        graph TD;
    A["Enroll 160 Subjects 12-30 years"] --> B["Record Lateral Cephalograms in Natural Head Position"];
    B --> C["Classify Subjects into Skeletal Class I, II, III"];
    C --> D["Measure Skeletal Landmarks: ANB, Beta Angle"];
    C --> E["Measure Soft Tissue Landmarks: Facial Convexity, Vertical Height Ratio"];
    D --> F["Compare Skeletal and Soft Tissue Measurements"];
    E --> F;
    F --> G["Analyze using Chi-Square Test"];
    G --> H["Draw Conclusions"];                    

Discussion

Cephalometry is a reliable technique for classifying skeletal patterns. Both skeletal and soft tissue measurements are effective in evaluating sagittal skeletal discrepancies. Factors like nutritional status and family history were not considered, and the sampling technique may not be representative of the general population.


Key Findings

Both skeletal and soft tissue measurements significantly predict skeletal patterns and discrepancies (p-value <0.001). Age and gender did not significantly influence skeletal discrepancies. The majority of participants (57.5%) were classified as Class I.


Conclusion

Lateral cephalograms and radiography measures are reliable for classifying patients into various skeletal patterns. Age and gender do not influence skeletal discrepancies.


Fact Check

* 160 subjects were enrolled in the study.
* 96 (60%) patients were males, and 64 (40%) were females.
* 92 (57.5%) patients were classed in Class I, 46 (28.75%) in Class II, and 22 (13.75%) in Class III.


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