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Title: The Effect of Phototherapy on Serum Calcium and Magnesium Level in Newborns Gestational Age 36 Weeks and Above
Authors: Hadia Ishfaq, Nisreen Kafi
Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)
Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2022
Volume: 72
Issue: Supplementary 2
Language: English
DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72iSUPPL-2.4123
Keywords: CalciumMagnesiumGestational agePhototherapyBilirubin
Objective: To investigate the phototherapy effect on serum calcium and magnesium levels of children with gestational age 36 weeks or above.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah from Jan to Sep 2019.
Methodology: Total of 200 participants were recruited into the study after obtaining informed consent. Patients’ characteristics were obtained from medical record file. Their mothers were interviewed. Before phototherapy, laboratory investigations were done. Phototherapy was performed with conventional method 410-417mm wave length was maintained and patients was kept at distance of 20cm. After phototherapy completion, laboratory investigations were repeated and difference was noted.
Results: Out of 200 patients, 54% were males and 46% were females. Average age of patients was 1.85 ± 0.96 days with range 0-5 days. Decrease in calcium and magnesium levels was observed in 64 (32%) and 49 (24.5%) patients respectively following phototherapy completion. There was statistically significant mean difference in calcium and magnesium levels after phototherapy and bilirubin was also significantly decreased.
Conclusion: Decrease was observed in calcium and magnesium levels following phototherapy. Phototherapy may lead to decrease levels of calcium and magnesium, hence frequent assay warranted. Further investigations should be conducted inour region enrolling only neonates to confirm phototherapy induced hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia.
To investigate the phototherapy effect on serum calcium and magnesium levels of newborns with a gestational age of 36 weeks and above.
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, from January to September 2019. A total of 200 neonates (gestational age 36 weeks and above) diagnosed with neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy were recruited. Data on patient characteristics were collected from medical records and maternal interviews. Laboratory investigations for serum calcium and magnesium levels were performed before and after phototherapy. Phototherapy was administered using conventional methods with a wavelength of 410-417mm at a distance of 20cm. Statistical analysis, including paired sample t-tests, was used to assess differences in levels.
graph TD
A["Recruit 200 Neonates GA >= 36 weeks"] --> B["Collect Patient Characteristics"];
B --> C["Measure Baseline Serum Calcium & Magnesium"];
C --> D["Administer Conventional Phototherapy"];
D --> E["Measure Post-Phototherapy Serum Calcium & Magnesium"];
E --> F["Analyze Data for Changes"];
F --> G["Draw Conclusions"];
Hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal condition, and phototherapy is a primary treatment. However, studies suggest phototherapy can lead to decreased calcium and magnesium levels. This study observed such decreases, consistent with previous research. The potential mechanisms for hypocalcemia include reduced corticosterone and melatonin secretion. The study notes that while magnesium levels showed a slight rise on average after phototherapy, significant decreases were observed in a subset of patients. The study also confirmed a significant decrease in bilirubin levels post-phototherapy.
Phototherapy led to a decrease in serum calcium levels in 64 (32%) patients and magnesium levels in 49 (24.5%) patients. A decrease in both calcium and magnesium was observed in 22 (11%) patients. Statistically significant mean differences were found for bilirubin, calcium, and magnesium levels before and after phototherapy.
Phototherapy may lead to decreased levels of calcium and magnesium in neonates. Frequent monitoring of these levels is warranted. Further investigations are recommended in the region to confirm phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in neonates.
1. Sample Size: The study enrolled a total of 200 participants.
2. Gender Distribution: 54% of the participants were males and 46% were females.
3. Calcium Decrease: Serum calcium levels decreased in 64 (32%) patients following phototherapy.
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