In-Vitro Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Article Information

Title: In-Vitro Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Authors: Rabia Mubariz, Shahina Yasmin, Shazia Taj, Tariq Butt, Ayesha Ellahi, Uzma Mussarat

Journal: Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal (PAFMJ)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30
Y	2020-07-01	2021-06-30
Y	1900-01-01	2005-06-30

Publisher: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi.

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2022

Volume: 72

Issue: 2

Language: English

DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v72i2.7083

Keywords: Minimum inhibitory concentrationMRSAAntibacterial agentsAutomated vitek-2 compactLinezolidVancomycin

Abstract

Objective: To determine the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates using an automated VITEK-2 compact system.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Railway Hospital (PRH) Rawalpindi collaborates with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Aug 2019.
Methodology: 100 MRSA samples were isolated from tissue, pus, urine, blood, high vaginal swabs (HVS) and ear swabs using standard microbiological techniques. MRSA isolates' antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was made using an automated VITEK-2 compact system.
Results: Among 100 MRSA isolates, 63% were obtained from pus and 17% from tissue, respectively. MRSA isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid. Susceptibility to other drugs has shown wide variation, i.e., Tigecycline 97%, Rifampicin 95%, Clindamycin 86%, Tetracycline 79%, and Cotrimoxazole 78%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of Vancomycin and Linezolid against MRSA isolates revealed that 41% had 0.5 µg/ml, 46% had one µg/ml, and 13% had two µg/ml for Vancomycin. Whereas for Linezolid, 38 isolates had MIC 1 µg/ml, then 62 isolates had MIC 2 µg/ml.
Conclusion: All the isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and Linezolid. Moreover, being less costly, Clindamycin, Tetracycline and Cotrimoxazole are good oral choices for empirical therapy against minor MRSA infections.

Disclaimer: The following sections are produced through an intensive multi-stage analytical pipeline developed by DefinePK, utilizing advanced natural-language processing, domain-specific knowledge models, and automated cross-referencing systems. Despite the rigor and computational effort involved, the generated summary may still contain inaccuracies or incomplete interpretations. Users are strongly advised to verify all critical information against the original paper and its authoritative sources.

Research Objective

To determine the in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates using an automated VITEK-2 compact system.

Methodology

Cross-sectional study involving 100 MRSA samples isolated from tissue, pus, urine, blood, high vaginal swabs (HVS), and ear swabs. Standard microbiological techniques were used for isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined using an automated VITEK-2 compact system. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A["Sample Collection MRSA isolates from various specimens"] --> B["Isolation using standard microbiological techniques"];
    B --> C["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing using VITEK-2 compact system"];
    C --> D["MIC Determination"];
    D --> E["Data Analysis using SPSS"];
    E --> F["Interpretation of Results"];
    F --> G["Conclusion and Recommendations"];

Discussion

The study highlights the continued effectiveness of Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, and Linezolid against MRSA. It also suggests that Clindamycin, Tetracycline, and Cotrimoxazole, being less costly, can be considered for empirical therapy against minor MRSA infections. The prevalence of MRSA varied across different wards, with the highest in surgery. The study emphasizes the importance of regular surveillance of local MRSA susceptibility patterns for rational antimicrobial use and to prevent resistance development.

Key Findings

- MRSA isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, and Linezolid.
- High sensitivity was observed for Tigecycline (97%), Rifampicin (95%), and Clindamycin (86%).
- Lower sensitivities were noted for Tetracycline (79%) and Cotrimoxazole (78%).
- 63% of MRSA isolates were obtained from pus and 17% from tissue.
- The highest prevalence of MRSA isolates was found in the 20-39 years age group (40%).

Conclusion

All MRSA isolates demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, and Linezolid. Clindamycin, Tetracycline, and Cotrimoxazole are recommended as good oral choices for empirical therapy against minor MRSA infections due to their lower cost.

Fact Check

- The study was conducted from September 2018 to August 2019.
- 100 MRSA samples were isolated and tested.
- MRSA isolates showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, and Linezolid.

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