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Title: نشوز زوجہ کی اصلا ح کا قرآنی تصور؛ روایتی اور معاصر آرا کا خصوصی مطالعہ:
Authors: Kalsoom Pracha
Journal: Fikr-o Nazar
Publisher: Islamic Research Institute
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2022
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Language: Urdu
Keywords: Qur’ānconjugal rebelliousnesshusbandwifemarital separation
According to Islamic law, the exercise of the powers acquired as a result of a conjugal contract is not based on absolute monopoly. In its view, it is necessary for the couple to exercise their powers within the scope and spirit of the marriage contract. Exceeding the limits of these powers, non-cooperative behavior and rebellious attitude is called "Nushūz" in the Qur'anic terminology. The Holy Qur'an uses this word for each of the spouses. The Qur'an has also pointed out three ways to remove the non-cooperative attitude of a wife, i.e. wa'ẓ (admonishing), ḥajr fi almaḍhaji' (refuse to share their beds) and ḍarb. In particular, the concept of "ḍarb" has been much debated. A large number of Quranic commentators present the Quranic verse in the context of the husband's authority, so in their case the husband has the right to discipline the wife with beating her lightly i.e. without harming (ḍarb ghair mubarraḥ) but this concept is objected to by a number of contemporary of Muslim scholar. The question is also discussed here whether the subject of the verse is a piece of advice or a preferred rule. The following article discusses the traditional way of thinking and contemporary perspectives in the Qur'anic context of the addressing wife's disobedience.
To discuss the traditional and contemporary perspectives in the Qur'anic context regarding the addressing of a wife's disobedience, particularly focusing on the debated concept of "dharb" (beating).
Analysis of Qur'anic terminology ("Nushz"), traditional interpretations by Quranic commentators regarding the three prescribed measures for a wife's disobedience (wa', hajr fi al-mahaj', and dharb), and contrasting these with contemporary Muslim scholarly views, including an examination of different interpretations regarding the addressee and meaning of the verse (4:34).
graph TD; A[Identify Conjugal Rebelliousness Nushz] --> B[Qur'anic Measures for Remedy]; B --> C[Wa' Admonishing]; B --> D[Hajr fi Al-Mahaj' Bed Separation]; B --> E[Dharb Striking]; E --> F[Traditional Interpretation]; E --> G[Contemporary Interpretation]; F --> H[Permit Light Beating Dharb Ghair Mubarra]; G --> I[Reject Physical Discipline Morally Reprehensible]; H --> J[Analyze Addressee Debates]; I --> J; J --> K[Synthesize Traditional vs. Contemporary Views]; K --> L[Conclusion on Interpretation];
The core debate revolves around the interpretation of 'dharb' in Qur'an 4:34. Traditional views often rely on established interpretations and Hadith to permit a form of physical discipline, while contemporary views prioritize the overarching goals of marriage (love, harmony) and gender equality, often reinterpreting 'dharb' metaphorically or contextually, sometimes ignoring Hadith traditions in favor of dictionary definitions or broader Qur'anic context (e.g., verse 2:229). The discussion also explores whether the verse implies advice or a preferred rule.
The Qur'an prescribes three measures for a wife's non-cooperative attitude ("Nushz"): admonishing (wa'), separation in beds (hajr fi al-mahaj'), and striking (dharb). Traditional commentators often interpret 'dharb' as light, non-harmful beating ('dharb ghair mubarra'). Contemporary scholars object to physical discipline, even symbolic, viewing it as morally reprehensible and incompatible with the Qur'anic principles of gender equality, mutual love, and harmony in marriage. Several differing opinions exist regarding who the addressee of the corrective measures in verse 4:34 truly is.
The concept of addressing a wife's disobedience in the Qur'an is complex, marked by a significant divergence between traditional interpretations that permit symbolic physical discipline and contemporary views that reject physical discipline entirely based on principles of gender equality and the spirit of the marriage contract.
1. The term used in Qur'anic terminology for non-cooperative behavior/rebellious attitude is "Nushz".
2. The Holy Qur'an (4:34) mentions three measures for remediation of a wife's disobedience.
3. One interpretation of 'dharb' mentioned is "Dharb Gair Mubarah," meaning to beat without violence.
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