Factors Associated with Congestive Heart Failure among Patients Presenting with Acute Cardiac Emergencies in Northern Lahore

Article Information

Title: Factors Associated with Congestive Heart Failure among Patients Presenting with Acute Cardiac Emergencies in Northern Lahore

Authors: Kamran Baber, Ammad Javed, Umair Asim, Tahseen Kazmi, Saira Farhat, Shehnaz Khan

Journal: Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (JBUMDC)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2022-07-01	2023-06-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30

Publisher: Bahria University, Islamabad

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2024

Volume: 14

Issue: 1

Language: English

DOI: 10.51985/JBUMDC2023217

Keywords: Angina PectorisCoronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Care UnitsCongestive Heart Failure

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and identify the key risk factors associated with its occurrence in patients, already have existing cardiac conditions in Lahore, Pakistan.
&nbsp;
Study Design and setting: A cross sectional study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore.
&nbsp;
Methodology: The study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 on a sample of 891 patients who were admitted in the coronary care unit from the emergency room and OPD and underwent cardiac catheterization. Convenience sampling was employed due to the unavailability of a large pool of patients. The questionnaire utilized socio-demographic variables, assessed the classification of congestive heart failure in relation to various comorbidities including thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease and hyperlipidemia as well as the risk factors associated with CHF.
&nbsp;
Results: The rate of CHF prevalence was found to be 12.68%. CHF was found to have a statistically significant relationship with smoking, ambulatory ability, and a history of organ transplantation. According to the New York Heart Association, a significant proportion of patients were classified as Class II, whereas the Canadian Cardiovascular Society reported that approximately 42.20% of patients had Class II angina.
&nbsp;
Conclusion: The prevalence of CHF was discovered to be extremely high. The most common comorbid ailment was discovered as hypertension, followed by diabetes. Many patients reported being able to perform daily activities but becoming fatigued during effort. When changing healthcare policies, it is critical to include preventive measures and interventions.

Disclaimer: The following sections are produced through an intensive multi-stage analytical pipeline developed by DefinePK, utilizing advanced natural-language processing, domain-specific knowledge models, and automated cross-referencing systems. Despite the rigor and computational effort involved, the generated summary may still contain inaccuracies or incomplete interpretations. Users are strongly advised to verify all critical information against the original paper and its authoritative sources.

Research Objective

To assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and identify the key risk factors associated with its occurrence in patients with existing cardiac conditions in Lahore, Pakistan.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, from October 2021 to March 2022. A sample of 891 patients admitted to the coronary care unit from the emergency room and OPD, who underwent cardiac catheterization, were included. Convenience sampling was used. Data was collected via a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic variables, CHF classification, comorbidities (thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease, hyperlipidemia), and risk factors. Statistical analysis included chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression using SPSS version 26.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Data Collection via Questionnaire"] --> B["Data Entry into SPSS"];
    B --> C["Statistical Analysis"Chi-square, Logistic Regression""];
    C --> D["Identify Risk Factors and Prevalence"];
    D --> E["Formulate Conclusions and Recommendations"];

Discussion

The study highlights a high prevalence of CHF in the studied population. Hypertension and diabetes were identified as the most frequent comorbidities. The association of CHF with smoking, reduced ambulatory ability, and organ transplant history warrants attention. The findings suggest the need for enhanced preventive measures and interventions in healthcare policies.

Key Findings

The prevalence of CHF was 12.68%. CHF showed a statistically significant relationship with smoking, ambulatory ability, and a history of organ transplantation. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity, followed by diabetes. A significant proportion of patients were classified as NYHA Class II. Approximately 42.20% of patients had CCS angina Class II.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CHF was found to be high in patients presenting with acute cardiac emergencies in Northern Lahore. Hypertension and diabetes are significant comorbidities. Family history of CAD and reduced ability to walk were identified as associated risk factors. The study emphasizes the critical need to incorporate preventive measures and interventions into healthcare policies to address the burden of CHF.

Fact Check

1. Prevalence of CHF: The study reported a CHF prevalence of 12.68%.
2. Sample Size: The study included 891 patients.
3. Most Common Comorbidity: Hypertension was identified as the most common comorbid ailment.

Mind Map

Loading PDF...

Loading Statistics...

DefinePK

Select Collection