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Title: Factors Influencing Motivation Level in Competitive Sports: A Survey on Male Athletes of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Iftikhar, Yasir Ali, Habib Ullah, Alia
Journal: Journal of Asian Development Studies
Publisher: Centre for Research on Poverty and Attitude pvt ltd
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Language: English
DOI: 10.62345/
Keywords: Motivational factorsCompetitive SportsMale Athletes
The main focus of this study is to identify the variables affecting and motivating athletes who participate in competitive sports. The researchers choose 400 male athletes ranging 18 to 26 years old from Pakistan to get the desired results. The participation motivation questionnaire was used to gather data, and the acquired data was analyzed using SPSS 17; mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage values were computed. Only 39% of athletes confirms that they feel driven, whereas, 51.50% of athletes joining these organizations seem motivated by success and status. For this reason, compared to the other components, this component has the lowest average range (21%). With a mean score of 1.55, it can be inferred that 57.5% of athletes find enjoyment and socialization while using sports equipment. 50% of athletes want to keep up their physical health and skill levels, according to the sixth element, "Skill Development," which has a mean score of 1.53. Athletes desire to play sports to become more determined and proficient in their sport; they also want to use marks to modify their behavior, acquire new skills, be creative, set objectives, cultivate interests, create plans, enhance involvement, and develop abilities.
To identify the variables affecting and motivating athletes who participate in competitive sports.
A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 400 male athletes aged 18-26 from Pakistan, selected using the Rao-Soft formula and a probability convenient sampling technique. The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ, Gill, 1983), comprising 30 items across seven constructs (friendship, skill development, challenge and energy release, success prestige, demonstrability and stress, entertainment and socialization), was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS 17, computing mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage values.
graph TD;
A["Select 400 Male Athletes 18-26 yrs from Pakistan"] --> B["Administer Participation Motivation Questionnaire - PMQ"];
B --> C["Collect Data"];
C --> D["Analyze Data using SPSS 17"];
D --> E["Compute Mean, Std. Dev., Frequency, Percentage"];
E --> F["Present Results in Figures and Tables"];
F --> G["Draw Conclusions"];
The study highlights that while success and prestige are perceived as motivators, a smaller percentage of athletes feel genuinely driven by them. This suggests a potential disconnect between external recognition and intrinsic drive. The findings emphasize the importance of entertainment, socialization, and skill development as key motivators for athletes. The discussion also touches upon the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and how factors like perceived competence, fun, and the need for social acceptance contribute to an athlete's participation.
- Success and status were identified as motivating factors for 51.50% of athletes, though only 39% reported feeling driven by this component, which had the lowest average range (21%).
- Entertainment and socialization was a significant factor, with a mean score of 1.55, indicating 57.5% of athletes prefer sports for these reasons.
- Skill development, with a mean score of 1.53, showed that 50% of athletes aim to improve their skills and maintain physical health.
- Friendship was a motivating factor for 68.75% of athletes.
Athletes generally provide positive feedback regarding their sport participation. They are motivated by a desire to improve performance, enhance determination, modify behavior, develop competencies, be creative, set goals, grow interests, make plans, develop talents, and boost engagement.
- The study surveyed 400 male athletes from Pakistan.
- The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) used in the study has 30 items.
- Success and prestige was a motivating factor for 51.50% of athletes.
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