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Title: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential of Anchusa arvensis
Authors: Sajid Hussain, Syed Majid Shah, Fawad Ali, Farman Ullah, Sahid Khan Sadozai, Hamza Hussain Bangash, Tahira Hussain
Journal: Phytopharmacological Communications (PPC)
Publisher: COSMOS Learning Center
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Language: English
Keywords: AntioxidantMedicinal plantsAnticancerAnchusa arvensisPhytochemicalPhytocompounds
The purpose of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant characteristics and cytotoxic effects of Anchusa arvensis (A. arvensis) crude extract (Aa.Cr) and its subsequent fractions: n-hexane (Aa.Hex), chloroform (Aa.Chm) , Ethylacetate (Aa.Et), and Aqueous (Aa.Aq). The antioxidant potential was determined using the Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and azinobis [3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The sulforhodamine-B assay demonstrated anticancer activity against the human cancer cell line NCI-H460. Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins were found in Aa.Cr. The Aa.Chm fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity(74.83 ± 1.36%1.36%) at 1000 µg/mL concentration. The extract fractions Aa.Hex and Aa.Et demonstrated moderate activity, while Aa.Aq showed poor radical scavenging activity. The results show that the Aa. Hex has significant ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC50.of 500μg/mL. Remarkable cytotoxicity was observed for chloroform (Aa.Chm) fraction with a growth inhibitory (GI50) ) value of 31 ± 0.6 µg/mL followed by Aa.Hex growth inhibitory (GI50) ) value of (GI50 45 ± 5.7). The aqueous (Aa.Aq) and ethyl acetate (Aa.Et) fractions failed to display growth inhibitory effects against NCI-H460 cells. These findings indicate that Aa.Cr and its derived fractions possess antioxidant and anticancer effects.
To investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant characteristics, and cytotoxic effects of Anchusa arvensis crude extract and its subsequent fractions.
The study involved the collection and preparation of Anchusa arvensis crude extract and its fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous). Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted. Antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Anticancer activity was evaluated against the human cancer cell line NCI-H460 using the sulforhodamine-B assay. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.
graph TD
A["Plant Collection & Preparation"] --> B["Phytochemical Screening"];
B --> C["Antioxidant Assays"DPPH, ABTS""];
C --> D["Anticancer Assay"NCI-H460""];
D --> E["Data Analysis"];
E --> F["Conclusion"];
The presence of various secondary metabolites in A. arvensis contributes to its antioxidant and anticancer properties. The chloroform and n-hexane fractions showed promising results, indicating their potential as sources of therapeutic agents. The study highlights the importance of bio-guided fractionation to isolate active compounds.
The crude extract of A. arvensis tested positive for alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and steroids. The chloroform fraction (Aa.Chm) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (74.83 ± 1.36% at 1000 µg/mL) and significant cytotoxicity against NCI-H460 cells (GI50 value of 31 ± 0.6 µg/mL). The n-hexane fraction (Aa.Hex) also demonstrated significant ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 500 µg/mL) and anticancer activity (GI50 value of 45 ± 5.7 µg/mL). The aqueous (Aa.Aq) and ethyl acetate (Aa.Et) fractions showed poor radical scavenging activity and failed to exhibit significant growth inhibitory effects against NCI-H460 cells.
Anchusa arvensis crude extract and its fractions, particularly the chloroform fraction, possess significant antioxidant and cytotoxic properties against the NCI-H460 cancer cell line. Further research is needed to identify the specific active compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action.
1. The Aa.Chm fraction showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at 74.83 ± 1.36% at 1000 µg/mL.
2. The Aa.Chm fraction exhibited a growth inhibitory (GI50) value of 31 ± 0.6 µg/mL against the NCI-H460 cell line.
3. The Aa.Hex fraction had an IC50 of 500 µg/mL for ABTS radical scavenging activity.
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