DefinePK

Abstract

INTRODUCTION


The only sure way to avoid catheter induced Urinary infection is to avoid catheterization, Even with careful technique, retrograde urethral catheterization is potentially hazardous and predisposes to bacteriuria. The prevalence rate of urinary infection in catheterized patients is 21 .2%1. The infection may remain confined to the urinary tract eg. Prostatitis, epididymitis and pyelonephritis or ;pread systemically to produce septicaemia. Urinary tract infection associated principally with catheterization is the commonest source of gram negative septicaemia2. Suprapubic catheterization reduces the chances of urinary tract infection3. Although this method is preferred by some urologists as the primary procedure for acute or chronic urinary retention, the more usual indications for supra pubic catheterization are as follows:
1. Where urethral catheterization has failed or has resulted in urethral trauma.
2. In urethritis, chronic prostatitis and when¬ever there is a history of previous infection.
3. For temporary urinary diversion following urethral or vaginal repair.
4. When a Urethral catheter cannot be tolera¬ted by the patient.
5. For post-operative urethral strictures.
6. In neurogenic bladders.
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT (Figure 1)
1. Catheterization pack containing
- a galilpot for antiseptic
- gauze squares and sponge holding forceps
- a kidney dish
- sterile drapes
2. Betadine antiseptic solution
3. 2% plain lignocaine
4. 5 ml syringe and 21 gauge needle
5. scalpel and blade No. 15
6. 3/0 silk, cutting needle and a needle holder
7. Stitch scissors and a dissecting forceps
8. Urine drainage bag (closed drainage system)
9. Supra pubic catheter.