DefinePK

Research Objective

To investigate language ownership among undergraduate and graduate English majors at a public university in Karachi.

Methodology

This qualitative survey research employed a pre-structured qualitative survey design. Data was collected using Google Surveys with open-ended questions and a structured interview technique. Thematic analysis was performed on the collected qualitative data. The target population was 154 undergraduate and postgraduate English/Applied Linguistics students at a public university in Karachi in the academic year 2019. Quota sampling was used, with a sample size of 54 participants. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo 12.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Define Research Objective"] --> B["Literature Review"];
    B --> C["Develop Research Design: Qualitative Survey"];
    C --> D["Identify Target Population & Context"];
    D --> E["Implement Sampling Technique: Quota Sampling"];
    E --> F["Collect Data: Google Surveys & Interviews"];
    F --> G["Analyze Data: Thematic Analysis using NVivo 12"];
    G --> H["Identify Key Findings"];
    H --> I["Discuss Findings & Interpretations"];
    I --> J["Formulate Conclusion"];                    

Discussion

The study found that while English majors have a positive attitude towards English due to its global importance, academic, and professional opportunities, they do not claim legitimate ownership of the language. They tend to identify more strongly with their native language, Urdu, despite their investment in learning English for instrumental reasons such as obtaining degrees, social status, and financial advancement. The concept of macro-ownership, traditionally associated with native speaker groups, was found to be less relevant in the current context of globalization, where learners adapt the language to their needs. The study also noted a preference for local or regional varieties of English for ease of comprehension and use, although British English was recognized as a standard for academic purposes.

Key Findings

- Micro and macro levels of ownership were revealed.
- A standard variety of English language was identified.
- Participants denied considering themselves as legitimate owners of the English language.
- Participants showed a higher degree of ownership towards their native language (Urdu) despite investing more in English.
- Participants perceived themselves as Non-Native Speakers (NNS).

Conclusion

English majors in Karachi exhibit a complex pattern of language ownership, demonstrating a positive attitude and investment in English for instrumental gains while retaining a stronger sense of ownership and affiliation with their native language, Urdu. They do not perceive themselves as legitimate owners of English, viewing themselves as NNS. The findings highlight the symbolic capital of English due to its status and prestige, but also the enduring importance of the mother tongue in shaping identity.

Fact Check

- 49% of the overall Pakistani population acquired English as a second language. (Stated in Abstract)
- 154 undergraduate and graduate students participated in the qualitative study. (Stated in Abstract)
- The study was conducted in the academic year 2019. (Stated in Methodology)

Mind Map