DefinePK

Abstract

Abstract


The aim of the retrospective study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcome of the dental implant surgery and prosthetics. It was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised of medical charts and radiographic records of patients visiting between 2010 and 2015. Variables such as implant dimensions, final prosthesis, method of retention, loading protocol and patient factors were analysed. A total of 223 implants (143(64.1%) in maxilla and 80(35.9%) in mandible) were placed in 92 subjects (50(54.3%) males and 42(45.7%) females). All implants were Zimmer tapered screw-vent. Length of 108(48.4%) implants was 11.5mm and diameter of 84(37.7%) implants was 4.7mm. Besides, 6(2.7%) implants failed to osseointegrate, whereas 1(0.4%) implant failed at 12 months of loading. Among the 216(96.9%) successful implants, 140(64.8%) served as bridge abutments, 72(33.3%) were single crown abutments and 4(1.9%) were overdenture abutments. Also, 37(17.1%) implants were immediately loaded. The six-year survival rate of implants was 96.9%. 
Keywords: Dental implants, Success, Failure, Surgery, Prosthetics.
 
Introduction
Dental implant-supported fixed crown and bridges have become a predictable treatment modality for the replacement of missing teeth. Success and survival of dental implants depend upon various factors. These include primary stability of implant at the time of placement, adequate bone volume and quality, prevention of excessive loading forces and an atraumatic execution of surgery.1 The primary stability (achieving a torque resistance of over 30Ncm) has been considered as a critical factor for the clinical success of implant. As the primary stability decreases, the possibility of micro motion at implant-bone interface increases which may lead to a fibrous union instead of a bony union and eventually lead to the implant failure.
The success of implant prosthetics is additionally dependent on certain mechanical factors such as the presence of stable occlusal contacts, harmonious occlusion, prevention of masticatory overload, even distribution of load among implants etc.1 Asystematic review on the implant-borne prosthesis has shown a high survival rate ranging up to 95% at 5-year interval.2 In addition, several factors such as periodontal disease, smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, etc. have been identified as potential risks for developing complications around dental implants and may lead to implant failure.
Since, implant dentistry is an evolving area of dental practice in Pakistan, it is imperative for the dentists who offer this service to record its outcome and to compare it with the outcomes at established centres of the world. The present study was planned to assess the clinical and radiographic outcome of the dental implants and associated implant prosthetics.
 
Methods and Results
This retrospective review was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, and comprised of patients\' medical charts and radiographic records from 2010 to 2015. Patients who received dental implants and associated prosthesis were included. Patients whose implants were placed under general anaesthesia, patients who received any bone grafting prior to the surgery, or patients who received part of the treatment (implant or prosthesis) outside the AKUH were excluded.
An Implant was considered successful if it was able to withstand occlusal load; had healthy peri-implant tissues, and