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Title: THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN WISDOM AND HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Hassan Shah, Sheraz Ali, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Shahid Khan
Journal: Social Science Review Archives
| Category | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Y | 2024-10-01 | 2025-12-31 |
Publisher: Divine Knowledge Institute
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Language: English
Keywords: epistemologywisdomontologyConsciousness
This research study is a secondary review that focuses on the philosophy of human wisdom and human consciousness. Human wisdom is an integrated form of intelligence that is associated with sensibility including the bodily senses and the senses associated with human soul. The senses that are associated with human soul are memory and imagination which most of the philosophers including Descartes, Berkley and Spinoza believed that they are related to human mind. While the other senses are associated with human body. It means that human wisdom comprises sensibility and sound judgement, including both Sophia and Phronesis – the former is intellectual virtue and the latter is meta-intellectual virtue. One intellectual virtue is related to understanding through experience and the other is related to understanding through practice. On the other hand, human consciousness comprises both epistemological and ontological understanding of the social world articulated in human perception. Philosophers focus on four primary aspects of consciousness, which include knowledge, intentionality, introspection, and phenomenal experience, in which experience brings activism or de-activism in human consciousness. In simple words, human consciousness consists of perception and understanding.       
To analyze and differentiate the philosophical concepts of human wisdom and human consciousness, exploring their integrated forms, associated senses, and epistemological and ontological understandings.
Secondary review of existing philosophical literature and theories.
graph TD;
A["Literature Review"] --> B["Analysis of Philosophical Concepts"];
B --> C["Distinction and Integration of Wisdom and Consciousness"];
C --> D["Identification of Key Philosophical Aspects"];
D --> E["Formulation of Conclusions"];
The paper delves into the philosophical underpinnings of wisdom and consciousness, distinguishing them while acknowledging their intermingling. It explores theoretical wisdom (Sophia) as understanding universal truths and practical wisdom (Phronesis) as moral judgment in specific situations. Epistemic humility is presented as a crucial aspect of wisdom, involving the recognition of knowledge limitations. The ontology of consciousness is discussed in relation to being and existence, contrasting classical and modern views, and highlighting self-consciousness as an ontological feature. The epistemology of consciousness emphasizes the role of perception and subjective experience in knowledge acquisition, challenging the notion of independent objective reality.
Human wisdom is an integrated form of intelligence associated with sensibility, sound judgment, and intellectual virtues (Sophia and Phronesis). Human consciousness comprises epistemological and ontological understanding, articulated in perception, and includes aspects like knowledge, intentionality, introspection, and phenomenal experience. Wisdom is mind-centric and genetically embedded, while consciousness is partially associated with the outer world and the subject, gained through observation and learning, enacted by wisdom.
Human wisdom is a mind-centric, embedded capability for understanding and deriving conclusions, while consciousness involves perception and understanding of the social world through observation and learning, enacted by wisdom. Wisdom integrates intelligence and sound judgment, requiring prudence and epistemic humility. Consciousness is tied to perception and subjective experience, with self-consciousness being an ontological feature.
- The paper cites Aristotle's concept of theoretical wisdom (Sophia) as consisting of nous and episteme. This is consistent with Aristotelian philosophy.
- The paper mentions Descartes' methodological doubt as playing a critical role in fostering epistemic humility. Descartes famously used doubt to establish a foundation for knowledge.
- The paper references John Dewey identifying six senses of "consciousness" in 1906. Dewey's work did indeed explore the multifaceted nature of consciousness.
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