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Abstract

<jats:p>The Saudi-Iran conflict has been a long-standing and complex geopolitical rivalry in the Middle East. This article explores the multifaceted role of international factors in perpetuating the conflict and its profound impacts on the Muslim region. International powers, including the United States and Israel, have played a pivotal role by supporting one side or the other, intensifying the regional turmoil. This Proxy war has escalated sectarian tensions, causing widespread instability and humanitarian crises. The conflict's ramifications extend beyond the Saudi-Iran rivalry, affecting neighboring countries and, in some cases, fomenting extremist ideologies. A comprehensive understanding of these international dynamics is crucial to developing strategies for peace and stability in the region, as this protracted dispute continues to reshape the political landscape of the Muslim world.</jats:p>