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Title: Neonatal Hypoglycemia How common is Hypoglycemia in Newborns Weighing Less Than 2500 gms: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Malak Ahmad Khan, Sohail Shahzad, Ameena Saba, Wajeeha Amber, Syed Taqi Hasan
Journal: Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College (JIMDC)
Publisher: Healers Educational Society
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Language: English
Keywords: HypoglycemiaLow birth weightFrequency
Objective:To determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates weighing less than 2500 grams in first 48 hours of life presented to CMH Abbottabad.
Study Design: Cross Sectional Study.
 
Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad.
 
Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 1st July 2020 to 1st January 2021
 
Subjects and Methods:
 
A total of 110 neonates of both genders with birth weight less than 2500 grams using consecutive non-probability sampling technique were included in the study. Capillary blood was  collected  by heel prick after proper aseptic measure for blood glucose estimation by Glucometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6 and every 6 hours till 48 hours of birth. All hypoglycemic neonates were managed with intravenous administration of 10%glucose.
Results:
 
Gestational age range in this study was from 34 to 42  weeks with mean gestational age of 38.663±1.55 weeks, mean birth weight 1622.818±409.23 grams and mean blood glucose level was 54.763±9.55 mg/dl. Total 80% neonates were male. Hypoglycemia was observed in 27.3% neonates. No significant difference was seen comparing frequency of hypoglycemia among pre-term and term neonates (p-value 0.52), male vs female neonates (p-value 1.00) and different modes of delivery. (p-value 0.6). While frequency of hypoglycemia was significantly high in extremely low birth neonates as compared to low and very low birth weight. (p-value <0.01).
 
 
Conclusion:
 
Our study concluded that frequency of hypoglycemia was 27.3% in newborns weighing less than 2500 grams in first 48 hours of life. Extremely low birth weight (less than 1000gms) is a significant determinant for hypoglycemia.
Keywords:
 
 First 48 hours, frequency, low birth weight, hypoglycemia, new borns
 
 
To determine the frequency of hypoglycemia in neonates weighing less than 2500 grams in the first 48 hours of life presented to CMH, Abbottabad.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Abbottabad. A total of 110 neonates with birth weight less than 2500 grams were included using consecutive non-probability sampling. Capillary blood was collected via heel prick at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and every 6 hours until 48 hours of birth for blood glucose estimation using a Glucometer. Hypoglycemia was defined as random blood sugar less than 45 mg/dl. All hypoglycemic neonates were managed with intravenous 10% glucose. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21, with descriptive statistics and post-stratification Chi-square test.
graph TD
A["Recruit 110 Neonates <2500gms"] --> B["Collect Capillary Blood via Heel Prick"];
B --> C["Measure Blood Glucose"Glucometer""];
C --> D["Record Glucose Levels"0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 6-hourly till 48h""];
D --> E["Identify Hypoglycemic Neonates"<45 mg/dl""];
E --> F["Manage with IV 10% Glucose"];
F --> G["Analyze Data using SPSS"];
G --> H["Draw Conclusions"];
The study found a 27.3% incidence of hypoglycemia in low birth weight neonates, which is comparable to other studies. Extremely low birth weight was identified as a significant determinant for hypoglycemia. While gender and mode of delivery did not show a significant association, the study noted that extremely low birth weight neonates are more vulnerable. The study acknowledges limitations such as a relatively small sample size and suggests further research with larger cohorts and evaluation of other risk factors.
Hypoglycemia was observed in 27.3% of the neonates. There was no significant difference in the frequency of hypoglycemia among pre-term and term neonates (p-value 0.52), male vs. female neonates (p-value 1.00), and different modes of delivery (p-value 0.6). However, the frequency of hypoglycemia was significantly higher in extremely low birth weight neonates (<1000gms) compared to low and very low birth weight neonates (p-value <0.01).
The frequency of hypoglycemia in newborns weighing less than 2500 grams in the first 48 hours of life is 27.3%. Extremely low birth weight (less than 1000gms) is a significant determinant for hypoglycemia.
1. Hypoglycemia Incidence: The study reports hypoglycemia in 27.3% of neonates weighing less than 2500 grams.
2. Sample Size: A total of 110 neonates were included in the study.
3. Gestational Age Range: The gestational age range in the study was from 34 to 42 weeks.
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