Evaluation of the Occlusal Contact between the Opposing Teeth and the Cusp of Carabelli in Maxillary Permanent First Molars in Patients Visiting Peshawar Dental College

Article Information

Title: Evaluation of the Occlusal Contact between the Opposing Teeth and the Cusp of Carabelli in Maxillary Permanent First Molars in Patients Visiting Peshawar Dental College

Authors: Sana Arbab, Munawar Aziz Khattak, Imran Khattak, Yusra Jamil, Faiza Ijaz, Ambereen Hamayun

Journal: Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College (JIMDC)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2022-07-01	2023-06-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30
Y	2020-07-01	2021-06-30

Publisher: Healers Educational Society

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2023

Volume: 12

Issue: 1

Language: English

DOI: 10.35787/jimdc.v12i1.855

Keywords: Cusp of Carabelliocclusal contactmaxillary permanent first molars

Abstract

Background: The Cusp of Carabelli is a small additional cusp which is situated on the mesiopalatal surface of first maxillary molars. This nonfunctional cusp comes in many forms including furrows, ridges or pits and is collectively known as the Carabelli trait
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of the occlusal contacts between the accessory cusp of Carabelli and the opposing arch tooth among both genders in patients attending the out-patients department of Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 subjects visiting the OPD of Peshawar Dental Hospital from October 2022 to December 2022. The sample size was calculated using WHO formula N=p(100-p)z2/d2 (Http://www.fao.orgThe age group selected for the participants was from 13-30 years. Consecutive sampling technique was used.). Articulating paper was used to assess the occlusal contacts caused by the cusp of Carabelli. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Pearson’s chi square test was applied to analyze the data. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The results of the current study showed that 10.7% of the participants experienced occlusal contacts caused by the presence of their accessory cusp with the opposing arch tooth with no statistically significant difference between genders.
Conclusion: The cusp of Carabelli is the most prevailing variation found on the palatal aspect of mesiopalatal cusp of permanent maxillary first molars in a hospital-based inhabitants of Peshawar with rare occlusal contacts experienced by the patients.
Key words: Cusp of Carabelli, Maxillary permanent first molars, Occlusal contact.

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Research Objective

To evaluate the frequency of the occlusal contacts between the accessory cusp of Carabelli and the opposing arch tooth among both genders in patients attending the out-patients department of Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar.

Methodology

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 subjects (aged 13-30 years) visiting the OPD of Peshawar Dental Hospital from October 2022 to December 2022. Articulating paper was used to assess occlusal contacts. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 with Pearson's chi-square test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A["Recruit 300 subjects 13-30 years"] --> B["Assess permanent maxillary first molars"];
    B --> C["Use articulating paper to detect occlusal contacts"];
    C --> D["Record data on proforma"];
    D --> E["Analyze data using SPSS v20"];
    E --> F["Apply Pearson's chi-square test"];
    F --> G["Determine frequency of Cusp of Carabelli and occlusal contacts"];
    G --> H["Interpret results and draw conclusions"];

Discussion

The study highlights that while the Cusp of Carabelli is a frequent variation on permanent maxillary first molars in the Peshawar population (39.3%), it rarely causes occlusal interference with opposing teeth (10.7%). The findings suggest that this accessory cusp, despite its prevalence, does not significantly impact occlusion in the studied population, with no gender-based disparity observed in occlusal contacts.

Key Findings

10.7% of the participants experienced occlusal contacts caused by the presence of their accessory cusp with the opposing arch tooth. There was no statistically significant difference between genders regarding occlusal contacts. The overall frequency of the cusp of Carabelli was found to be 39.3%.

Conclusion

The cusp of Carabelli is a prevalent variation on the palatal aspect of the mesiopalatal cusp of permanent maxillary first molars in the hospital-based inhabitants of Peshawar, with rare occlusal contacts experienced by patients.

Fact Check

1. Sample Size: The study included 300 subjects. (Confirmed)
2. Study Period: The study was conducted from October 2022 to December 2022. (Confirmed)
3. Occlusal Contact Frequency: 10.7% of participants experienced occlusal contacts caused by the cusp of Carabelli. (Confirmed)

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