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Title: Endoscopic Findings in HIV Positive Patients with Dysphagia Presenting at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar
Authors: Rubina Saba, Muhammad Bilal, Naveed Iqbal, Muhammad Sohail Khan, Yaseen Khan, Mian Fareezuddin
Journal: Pakistan Journal of Medical Research (PJMR)
Publisher: Health Research Institute (HRI), NIH
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 63
Issue: 3
Language: English
Keywords: DysphagiaHIV patientsendoscopic findings
Background: The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has a profound impact worldwide, with approximately 75.7 million individuals suffering and around 32.7 million individuals dead attributed to AIDS-related causes. HIV/AIDS impacts the gastrointestinal system with various symptoms influenced by infections, and the introduction of modern Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly changed the prevalence of these GI disorders.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the frequency of endoscopic findings in HIV patients with dysphagia.
Study type, settings & duration: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Medical Teaching Institute (MTI), Peshawar from July to December 2020.
Methodology: The study included 136 HIV-infected patients with dysphagia who underwent upper GI endoscopy. All patients underwent upper GI endoscopy following informed consent. The baseline Information, including demographic data, including age, gender, and duration of HIV infection, was collected for each patient. Data analysis was performed using (SPSS) version 23.
Results: According to the findings, gastric erythema (18.4%), Candida esophagitis (30.1%), peptic ulcer (9.6%), hiatal hernia (21.3%), erosions (5.1%), and Candida antral gastritis (16.9%) were the most frequent endoscopic findings. The mean age of the patients was 43.316±6.92 years, the mean duration of HIV infection was 12.632±5.26 months, and the mean weight was 80.345±6.56 Kg.
Conclusion: According to the study's findings, most HIV patients who experienced gastrointestinal symptoms also had opportunistic infections and altered upper GI mucosa. Early endoscopic and histological evaluation is recommended for these individuals in order to support fast detection and treatment of upper GI issues, ...........
To determine the frequency of endoscopic findings in HIV patients with dysphagia.
A cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Medical Teaching Institute (MTI), Peshawar from July to December 2020. 136 HIV-infected patients with dysphagia underwent upper GI endoscopy. Baseline demographic data (age, gender, duration of HIV infection) was collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
graph TD
A["Recruit 136 HIV-infected patients with dysphagia"] --> B["Obtain informed consent"];
B --> C["Collect baseline demographic data and HIV duration"];
C --> D["Perform upper GI endoscopy"];
D --> E["Document endoscopic findings"];
E --> F["Analyze data using SPSS version 23"];
F --> G["Interpret results and draw conclusions"];
HIV/AIDS significantly impacts the gastrointestinal system. The introduction of HAART has altered the prevalence of GI disorders. Candida esophagitis was the most prevalent esophageal condition. The study suggests that opportunistic infections and altered upper GI mucosa are common in HIV-positive individuals with GI symptoms.
The most frequent endoscopic findings were: Candida esophagitis (30.1%), hiatal hernia (21.3%), gastric erythema (18.4%), Candida antral gastritis (16.9%), peptic ulcer (9.6%), and erosions (5.1%). The mean age of patients was 43.316±6.92 years, mean duration of HIV infection was 12.632±5.26 months, and mean weight was 80.345±6.56 Kg.
Most HIV patients experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms also present with opportunistic infections and altered upper GI mucosa. Early endoscopic and histological evaluation is recommended to support fast detection and treatment of upper GI issues, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
- The study included 136 HIV-infected patients with dysphagia.
- Candida esophagitis was found in 30.1% of patients.
- The mean age of the patients was 43.316±6.92 years.
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