DefinePK

Research Objective

To deliberate the foundational sources of Western thought and civilization from an Islamic perspective, comparing and contrasting them with Islamic civilization.

Methodology

A historic and analytical research methodology was adopted, involving the comparison of different aspects of Western and Islamic thought.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Historic and Analytical Research"] --> B["Comparison of Western and Islamic Thoughts"];
    B --> C["Identification of Foundational Sources"];
    C --> D["Analysis of Western Foundations"];
    D --> E["Analysis of Islamic Foundations"];
    E --> F["Comparative Study"];
    F --> G["Formulation of Conclusions"];                    

Discussion

The paper argues that Western civilization is largely man-made and secular, contrasting with Islamic civilization's divine and revealed foundations. It details the historical development and key characteristics of Western foundational elements like Greek philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), Roman law and governance, the Judeo-Christian tradition, secularism's rise, liberalism's emphasis on individual rights, and the role of modern science. It highlights the inherent contradictions and limitations within these Western foundations, such as the acceptance of slavery and the conflict between natural and national law in Roman society. The paper posits that Western thought, driven by human intellect and materialism, often clashes with divine revelation, leading to potential societal issues.

Key Findings

Western civilization is a mixture of Greco-Roman civilization, incorporating tenets from Judeo-Christian sources, and evolved through centuries. Islamic civilization has a rich socio-religious and religio-political history. Distinct epistemological considerations lead to different impacts and statuses of the two civilizations. Key foundational sources of Western thought include Greek Philosophy, Roman Sociopolitical Approach, Judeo-Christian Tradition, Secularism, Liberalism, and Modern Sciences.

Conclusion

Western civilization and thought have distinct, man-made foundations rooted in Greek philosophy, Roman approaches, Judeo-Christian traditions, secularism, liberalism, and modern sciences. These foundations, unlike the divinely revealed sources of Islamic thought (Quran and Sunnah), have led to a civilization that prioritizes human intellect and often separates religion from public life. This has resulted in a system with inherent contradictions and a focus on absolute individual freedom, which the authors suggest is detrimental compared to Islam's balanced approach to freedom and life.

Fact Check

1. Will Durant's definition of civilization: The text cites Will Durant stating, "Civilization is social order promoting cultural creation. Four elements constitute it: 'economic provisions, political organizations, moral traditions, and the pursuit of knowledge and arts'." This aligns with common understandings of civilization's components.
2. Plato's division of society: The text mentions Plato divided society into three categories: producers, auxiliaries, and guardians. This is a correct representation of Plato's structure in "The Republic."
3. Roman Empire's expansion: The text states the Roman Empire expanded over many countries of Europe, Africa, and Asia till 117 CE. Historical records confirm significant territorial expansion of the Roman Empire during this period.

Mind Map