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Title: ماقبل جدیدیت میں مغربی فکر و تہذیب:
Authors: Ahmad, Kamran Ali
Journal: Research Journal ‘Ulum-e- Islamia'
Publisher: Islamia University, Bahawalpur
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Language: Urdu
DOI: 10.52461/ulm-e-islmia.v30i01.1842
Muslim world is facing the challenges of modernity. Actually it is in Pre-modernism that isknown as a divine society. The Western people were also following the tradition, belief, religious orders and rituals in their Pre-modernism era.Before the modernity, the western epistemological view was also that knowledge derives from God Almighty. The revelation was the ultimate truth in that period. Interpretation of it was in hands of the Papacy. Due to the influence of the Muslim world, interest in the Science increased. Soon conflict between Theology and Humanism began. Philosophically the Renaissance and the Reformation were decisive rounds in the last centuries of Pre-Modernism.By the 1650s, Modernism began to replace Pre-Modernism, and remained the dominant philosophy in Western culture until the 1950s.Western thinkers tell that Pre-modernism, Modernism and Post-modernism are three periods of social evolution. Pre-modernism is also important because Western Civilization was born in the eighth or ninth century. The Classical heritage, Catholic and Protestant Christian traditions, Secularism, rule of law and constitution, social pluralism, reformed institutions and Rationalism are the main features of Western civilization. USA is now the central state of Western Civilization.Now, wherever the European nations are settling, they are in Western World, such as Australia and New Zealand.The European nations are the descendants of Japheth. They settled the Europe and Gog and Magog were also among them. Prophet Abrahamwas promised to be the supreme leader of the entire humanity by Allah. Westerners knew him during the Jewish diaspora and they became followers of him through Christianity. This religion trained and reformed the West. In thePre-Modernism, Anti-Semitism and Islam phobia started roots in the West.The establishment of political and social institutions of the West began in the pre-modern period. In this era, some important developments appeared. The Western short family system was formed, Western arts and manners developed, interest in regional and international politics increased.
Keywords: Abraham, Anti-Semitism, Catholic, Church, Gog and Magog, Islam phobia, Japheth, Jewish diaspora, Pluralism, Pre-modernism, Protestant, Reformation, Renaissance, Western Civilization.
To analyze the historical trajectory of Western civilization through its pre-modern, modern, and postmodern periods, examining its origins, key characteristics, and its relationship with the Muslim world.
Historical analysis of Western civilization's development, tracing its epistemological shifts from divine knowledge to rationalism, and its societal evolution through distinct periods. The text draws upon various historical and philosophical texts to support its arguments.
graph TD; A["Historical Analysis of Western Civilization"] --> B["Tracing Epistemological Shifts"]; B --> C["Examining Societal Evolution through Periods"]; C --> D["Identifying Key Characteristics and Origins"]; D --> E["Analyzing Relationship with Muslim World"]; E --> F["Formulating Conclusions"];
The text posits that Western civilization's development is a progression through pre-modernism, modernism, and postmodernism. It highlights the influence of religious and philosophical movements like the Renaissance and Reformation in shaping Western thought. The paper also touches upon the historical interactions between Western and Muslim societies, including the spread of scientific interest from the Muslim world to the West.
Western civilization originated in the 8th or 9th century, characterized by classical heritage, Christian traditions, secularism, rule of law, social pluralism, reformed institutions, and rationalism. The transition from pre-modernism to modernism occurred around the mid-17th century, with modernism dominating until the mid-20th century. The Muslim world faces challenges related to modernity, while Westerners adopted Abrahamic traditions through Christianity, which reformed them. Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia have historical roots in the West.
Western civilization has undergone significant transformations, moving from a divinely-oriented pre-modern era to a rationalistic modern one. Understanding these historical periods is crucial for comprehending the current challenges and dynamics between Western and Muslim societies.
- Modernism began to replace Pre-Modernism by the 1650s and remained dominant until the 1950s. (Confirmed by text)
- Western Civilization was born in the eighth or ninth century. (Confirmed by text)
- The Renaissance and the Reformation were decisive rounds in the last centuries of Pre-Modernism. (Confirmed by text)
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