DefinePK

Research Objective

To explore how perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) affect university students' attitudes, intentions, and actual adoption of online education in Pakistan, and to examine how students' geographic status and educational levels moderate these relationships.

Methodology

The study employed a quantitative approach using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data was collected from 331 students from public and private universities in Sindh, Pakistan, via surveys administered on a 5-point Likert scale. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup modeling in AMOS.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A["Survey Distribution to Students"] --> B["Data Collection"];
    B --> C["Data Cleaning and Preparation"];
    C --> D["Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA"];
    D --> E["Structural Equation Modeling SEM"];
    E --> F["Multigroup Modeling"];
    F --> G["Analysis of Results"];
    G --> H["Conclusion and Implications"];                    

Discussion

The findings support the TAM, indicating that students' perceptions of the usefulness and ease of use of online education are crucial for its adoption. The study highlights that the impact of PU and PEU varies based on students' geographic location and educational level, suggesting a need for tailored strategies to promote online education.

Key Findings

- Perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) positively affect university students' attitudes, behavioral intentions, and actual adoption of online education.
- PU significantly impacts attitudes toward online education for rural students but not urban students.
- PEU strengthens attitudes toward online education more effectively for urban students than rural students.
- PU significantly impacts attitudes toward online education for undergraduate students but not postgraduate students.
- PEU has a stronger positive relationship with attitudes toward online education for undergraduate students than postgraduate students.

Conclusion

The study concludes that PU and PEU are significant drivers of online education adoption among Pakistani university students. The moderating effects of geographic status and educational level underscore the importance of context-specific interventions to enhance online learning acceptance and utilization in higher education institutions.

Fact Check

- A total of 331 usable surveys were collected out of 500 distributed.
- The study used a 5-point Likert scale for most measures.
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results showed a 2/df of 1.519, indicating a good model fit.

Mind Map