DefinePK

Research Objective

To study the features of international seaport development under digitalization to implement the best achievements in Ukraine.

Methodology

The study employed a systemic-structural approach to examine seaport digitalization as part of a logistics chain, including horizontal and vertical links. It also utilized synergistic and integrated approaches, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis. The research involved analyzing international sea trade volumes, trends in seaport development, compiling port ratings, examining digital technologies in leading ports, and identifying obstacles to digitalization. Data sources included legislative and normative acts, reports from international organizations (IAPH, World Shipping Council, UNCTAD, World Bank), and world seaports databases.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A[Analyze International Sea Trade Volumes] --> B[Study Seaport Development Trends];
    B --> C[Compile Port Ratings and Identify Leaders];
    C --> D[Examine Digital Technologies in Leading Ports];
    D --> E[Analyze Obstacles to Automation];
    E --> F[Formulate Priority Directions for Developing Countries];
    F --> G[Synthesize Findings and Draw Conclusions];                    

Discussion

The study connects the ideas of digital economy and Industry 4.0 to established theories of information society. It highlights the global priority of digitalization in seaports, as evidenced by reports from international organizations and transnational corporations. The authors emphasize that while developed countries have made significant progress, developing countries like Ukraine need to adopt best practices to enhance their competitiveness within the international transport system. The research acknowledges the dynamic nature of economic processes and the need for ongoing study of seaport development in the context of digitalization.

Key Findings

International sea trade volumes increased by 31.7% in the last 10 years, reaching over 11 billion tons in 2019. Asia dominates containerized sea trade (64.9%), with nine of the top ten largest international ports located in Asia. Digitalization in seaports involves not only new technologies but also fundamental changes in management paradigms and corporate culture. While leading ports are implementing advanced digital solutions, the overall automation of container terminals globally is still in its early stages. Blockchain technology and Port Community Systems (PCS) are identified as key tools for optimizing logistics, enhancing security, and improving efficiency.

Conclusion

The digitalization of seaports is crucial for enhancing their competitiveness in the global transport system. Developed countries have achieved notable successes in this area, providing valuable lessons for developing nations. Key priorities for Ukraine and similar countries include establishing a legal framework for sea transport digitalization, fostering cooperation with the EU, promoting innovative activities, developing strategic documents, modernizing information-communication infrastructure, and investing in research and staff training. Practical realization requires developing specific implementation mechanisms and funding sources.

Fact Check

* International sea trade volumes increased by 31.7% in the last 10 years, reaching over 11 billion tons in 2019. (Confirmed by Figure 2)
* Asia accounts for 64.9% of the cargo turnover of containerized international ports in 2019. (Confirmed by Figure 3)
* In 2019, the total cargo turnover of the international seaports increased up to 811.1 million TEU, a 2% increase compared to 2018. (Confirmed by Table 1)

Mind Map