DefinePK

Research Objective

To assess the rate of infection in clean surgical cases with or without the use of antibiotics.

Methodology

Observational prospective study conducted in Surgical Unit 1, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad, from October 2022 to February 2023. Patients of any age group undergoing clean surgeries were included. Patients with Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and immune-compromised patients were excluded. Demographic details (age, gender, type of surgery) were recorded. Patients were observed for 30 days for evidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI).

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Patient Selection: Clean Surgeries"] --> B["Exclude: Diabetes, Hypertension, Immune-compromised"];
    B --> C["Demographic Data Collection"];
    C --> D["Divide into Two Groups"];
    D -- Group 1 --> E["No Antibiotics"];
    D -- Group 2 --> F["With Antibiotics"];
    E --> G["30-Day Observation for SSI"];
    F --> G;
    G --> H["Data Analysis Chi-square test"];
    H --> I["Conclusion: No significant difference"];                    

Discussion

The study found a low rate of SSI in clean surgical procedures without prophylactic antibiotics, with infection rates of 7.3% and 6.7% in the respective groups. These rates are higher than those reported in developed countries but comparable to rates in some developing countries. The discussion highlights that while prophylactic antibiotics are effective in certain procedures, their inappropriate use can contribute to antibiotic resistance. The higher infection rates in developing countries may be attributed to factors like lack of patient education on wound care, lower socioeconomic status, and pre-existing conditions.

Key Findings

In the group without antibiotics (Group 1), 3 out of 41 patients (7.3%) developed SSI. In the group with antibiotics (Group 2), 2 out of 30 patients (6.7%) developed SSI. The chi-square test showed a p-value of 0.647, indicating no statistically significant difference in infection rates between the two groups.

Conclusion

There is no role for antibiotics in infection control in clean surgical cases.

Fact Check

- Study Period: October 2022 to February 2023. (Confirmed in Methods section)
- Infection rate in Group 1 (without antibiotics): 7.3%. (Confirmed in Results section)
- Infection rate in Group 2 (with antibiotics): 6.7%. (Confirmed in Results section)

Mind Map