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Title: Study of clinico-pathological profile in patients with megaloblastic anemia.
Authors: Muhammad Bilal Ghafoor, Faiza Sarwar, Sana Khan, Shameela Majeed, Farah Yasmeen, Misbah Ashraf, Sumrah Abbasi, Abdus Sami, Nimra Riyaz
Journal: The Professional Medical Journal (TPMJ)
Publisher: Independent Medical College, Faisalabad- Pakistan
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 30
Issue: 10
Language: English
DOI: 10.29309/TPMJ/2023.30.10.7735
Keywords: Megaloblastic anemiaClinico-pathological ProfileHematological
Objective: To determine the clinico-pathological profile in patients with megaloblastic anemia. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Study Period: June 2022 to July 2023. Material & Methods: The study subjects were 100 patients suffering from megaloblastic anemia. Using convenient sampling technique, blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood morphology followed by serum B12, serum and red cell folate levels and the bone marrow examination. SPSS version 25 was utilized to analyze the data. The results of variables including age, gender, clinical features and hematological profile were analyzed. Results: Out of 100 diagnosed patients of megaloblastic anemia, 51 (51%) were males, whereas 49 (49%) were females. Anemia alone was present in 18(18%), 11(11%) had anemia along with leucopenia, 14 (14%) faced anemia with thrombocytopenia, 57(57%) had pancytopenia while 16(16%) were pallor. Moreover, 01(01%) of the studied patients presented with fatigue and bleeding while 02 (2%) got weight loss. 10(10%) had fatigue accompanying with Pallor. 19(19%) faced pallor associated with fatigue and bleeding. 14(14%) had pallor accompanying with fatigue, Jaundice and weight loss. 37(37%) had pallor along with fatigue, bleeding, weight loss and jaundice. Conclusion: Males were more frequently affected by megaloblastic anaemia than females. The frequent clinical features appreciated were fatigue, pallor, weight loss, bleeding, and jaundice. Common cytopenia was pancytopenia, followed by bicytopenia.
To determine the clinico-pathological profile in patients with megaloblastic anemia.
Cross-sectional study conducted on 100 diagnosed patients of megaloblastic anemia. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood morphology, serum B12, serum and red cell folate levels, and bone marrow examination. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
graph TD
A["Patient Recruitment 100 diagnosed megaloblastic anemia cases"] --> B["Blood Sample Analysis: CBC, Peripheral Blood Morphology, Serum B12, Serum/Red Cell Folate"];
B --> C["Bone Marrow Examination"];
A --> D["Data Collection: Age, Gender, Clinical Features, Hematological Profile"];
B --> E["Data Analysis using SPSS v23"];
C --> E;
D --> E;
E --> F["Determine Clinico-Pathological Profile"];
F --> G["Report Findings and Conclusions"];
Megaloblastic anemia is a non-malignant disorder due to defective DNA synthesis. The study found a slight male preponderance. Common clinical features included fatigue, pallor, weight loss, bleeding, and jaundice. Pancytopenia was the most frequent cytopenia observed.
- 51% of patients were males and 49% were females.
- The most frequent clinical features were pallor (16%), fatigue and pallor (10%), pallor, fatigue, and bleeding (19%), pallor, fatigue, jaundice, and weight loss (14%), and pallor, fatigue, bleeding, weight loss, and jaundice (37%).
- Pathological features included pancytopenia (57%), anemia alone (18%), anemia with leucopenia (11%), and anemia with thrombocytopenia (14%).
Megaloblastic anemia is more common in males. Fatigue, pallor, weight loss, bleeding, and jaundice are frequent clinical features. Pancytopenia and bicytopenia are the most common cytopenias. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with vitamin B12, folate, and dietary management are crucial.
- The study included 100 patients diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia. (Confirmed in "Material & Methods" and "Results")
- 51% of the diagnosed patients were males. (Confirmed in "Results" Table-I)
- Pancytopenia was observed in 57% of the patients. (Confirmed in "Results" Table-III)
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