Hyperuricemia in metabolic syndrome.

Article Information

Title: Hyperuricemia in metabolic syndrome.

Authors: Sadia Nizamani, Khadim Hussain, Ramesh Kumar, Saajan Sawai, Doulat Singh

Journal: The Professional Medical Journal (TPMJ)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2022-07-01	2023-06-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30

Publisher: Independent Medical College, Faisalabad- Pakistan

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2023

Volume: 30

Issue: 5

Language: English

DOI: 10.29309/TPMJ/2023.30.05.6963

Keywords: Diabetes mellitusDyslipidemiaHypertensionMetabolic syndromeIncreased Uric Acid Levels

Abstract

Objective: To determine frequency of hyperuricemia among the patients having metabolic syndrome. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan. Period: 28-06-2021 till 28-12-2021. Material &amp; Methods: After informed consent, 246 cases of metabolic syndrome who met the inclusion criteria were included. Inclusion criteria were the known case of metabolic syndrome for more than six months, of age group 20 to 60 years and of either gender. Exclusion criteria were the non-consenting patients as well as the patients with history of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, gout, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, Post myocardial infarction, chronic liver disease, stroke, COPD &amp; Pregnancy. Data analyzed on IBM SPSS 22.0 and p value&lt; 0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 246 patients mean age in our study was 40.80 years with the standard deviation of ±7. Mean FBS, triglycerides, HDL, SBP, DBP and waist circumference was 115.64±10.16 mg/dl, 144.7±10.43 mg/dl, 41.61±4.03 mg/dl, 168.5±4.16, 98.2±2.78 and 101±8.16 cm respectively. 93 (37.8%) were male and 153 (62.2%) were female. Out of 246 patients, 81 (32.9%) had hyperuricemia and 165 (67.1%) did not have hyperuricemia in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: This study concluded that hyperuricemia is 32.9% common in metabolic syndrome patients.

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Research Objective

To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia among patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Indus Medical College, Tando Muhammad Khan, from June 28, 2021, to December 28, 2021. 246 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome for over six months, aged 20-60 years, and of either gender were included after obtaining informed consent. Exclusion criteria included non-consenting patients and those with a history of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, gout, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, post-myocardial infarction, chronic liver disease, stroke, COPD, and pregnancy. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using NCEP ATP III criteria. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 22.0, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A[Informed Consent & Patient Selection] --> B[Metabolic Syndrome DiagnosisNCEP ATP III];
    B --> C[Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria Check];
    C -- Meets Criteria --> D[Data Collection Demographics, Clinical Data];
    D --> E[Blood Sample Analysis Serum Uric Acid];
    E --> F[Data Entry into SPSS];
    F --> G[Statistical Analysis IBM SPSS 22.0];
    G --> H[Result Interpretation];
    H --> I[Conclusion & Discussion];

Discussion

The study highlights that hyperuricemia is common in patients with metabolic syndrome. While some studies suggest a higher prevalence in males, this research found a higher prevalence in females. The exact cause of high uric acid levels in metabolic syndrome remains unclear, but renal under-excretion of urate is a potential factor. The findings suggest that serum uric acid levels may be an important prognostic factor in metabolic syndrome and warrant attention in clinical practice for better management and prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses.

Key Findings

Out of 246 patients with metabolic syndrome, 81 (32.9%) had hyperuricemia, while 165 (67.1%) did not. The mean age of the study population was 40.80 ± 7 years. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was not significantly associated with gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, FBS levels, HDL levels, or waist circumference (p-values > 0.05).

Conclusion

Hyperuricemia is frequent in patients with metabolic syndrome, with a prevalence of 32.9% observed in this study. The findings underscore the importance of screening, preventing, and managing hyperuricemia in individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.

Fact Check

* The study included 246 patients with metabolic syndrome.
* 32.9% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had hyperuricemia.
* The study period was from June 28, 2021, to December 28, 2021.

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