Frequency of congenital hypothyroidism in healthy newborns.

Article Information

Title: Frequency of congenital hypothyroidism in healthy newborns.

Authors: Rooman Khalil, Fatima Jabbar, Asim Khurshid, Waqas Imran Khan

Journal: The Professional Medical Journal (TPMJ)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31
Y	2023-07-01	2024-09-30
Y	2022-07-01	2023-06-30
Y	2021-07-01	2022-06-30

Publisher: Independent Medical College, Faisalabad- Pakistan

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2022

Volume: 29

Issue: 12

Language: English

DOI: 10.29309/TPMJ/2022.29.12.7176

Keywords: ThyroidCongenital HypothyroidismHealthy Neonates

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in healthy newborns. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital &amp; Institute of Child Health Multan. Period: July 2020 to January 2021. Material &amp; Methods: Neonates of both genders between 48 hours of life to 28 days of age delivered after 37-weeks of gestation were analyzed. All the neonates underwent blood sample testing for congenital hypothyroidism (T4 and TSH). The CH was described as neonates having T4 levels &lt; 0.85 ng/dl and TSH &gt; 40 mIU/L. Frequency of CH (yes/no) was noted. Results: Of these 146 study cases, 77 (52.7 %) were male participants while 69 (47.3 %) were female. Mean gestational age of our study cases was 38.12 ± 0.78 weeks. Of these 146 study cases, 40 (27.4 %) belonged to rural areas and 106 (72.6 %) belonged to urban areas. Poor socioeconomic status was noted in 46 (31.5%) while 100 (68.5%) were from middle income families. Of these 146 study cases, 109 (74.7%) were born vaginally while 37 (25.3%) were born through cesarean section. Family history of hypothyroidism was positive in 15 (10.3) cases. Mean body mass index of their mothers was 24.21 ± 2.33 kg/m2 and maternal obesity was present in 22 (15.1 %) in our study cases. Congenital hypothyroidism was noted in 12 (8.2%). Conclusion: High frequency (8.2%) of congenital hypothyroidism was noted in healthy newborn babies. Congenital hypothyroidism was significantly associated with mode of delivery and family history of hypothyroidism.

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Research Objective

To determine the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in healthy newborns.

Methodology

Cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Neonatology, Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Multan from July 2020 to January 2021. Neonates of both genders, between 48 hours and 28 days of age, delivered after 37 weeks of gestation, were analyzed. Blood samples were tested for T4 and TSH levels. CH was defined as T4 levels < 0.85 ng/dl and TSH > 40 mIU/L. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A["Recruit Neonates n=146"] --> B["Collect Baseline Demographic Data"];
    B --> C["Perform Blood Sample Testing for T4 and TSH"];
    C --> D["Define CH Criteria"T4 < 0.85 ng/dl, TSH > 40 mIU/L""];
    D --> E["Analyze Data using SPSS v26.0"];
    E --> F["Identify Frequency of CH and Associated Factors"];
    F --> G["Draw Conclusions and Discuss Findings"];

Discussion

The study highlights a high frequency of CH (8.2%) in healthy newborns in the studied region. The findings suggest a need for national CH screening programs for timely diagnosis and management. Limitations include a relatively small sample size, single-center study, and exclusion of outcome evaluation for CH neonates.

Key Findings

Out of 146 neonates, 12 (8.2%) were diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. CH was significantly associated with the mode of delivery (p=0.0351) and a family history of hypothyroidism (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

A high frequency of congenital hypothyroidism (8.2%) was observed in healthy newborn babies. Congenital hypothyroidism was significantly associated with the mode of delivery and family history of hypothyroidism, underscoring the importance of screening programs.

Fact Check

- The study included 146 neonates. (Confirmed: "Of these 146 study cases...")
- Congenital hypothyroidism was noted in 8.2% of the neonates. (Confirmed: "Congenital hypothyroidism was noted in 12 (8.2%).")
- CH was significantly associated with vaginal delivery (p=0.0351) and family history of CH (p<0.0001). (Confirmed: "vaginal delivery (p=0.0351) and family history of CH (p<0.0001) were significantly associated with CH among newborns.")

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