DefinePK

Research Objective

To determine the frequency of cardiogenic shock and its associated factors in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction in a tertiary care hospital.

Methodology

Observational descriptive study conducted at the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi, from January to July 2017. A total of 241 patients with acute inferior wall MI were recruited. Data collected included age, sex, family history, and co-morbidities. Right-sided ECG was performed, and cardiogenic shock was assessed and recorded prospectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22, with frequency and percentages for qualitative variables and mean and standard deviations for quantitative variables. Chi-square test was used to assess associations.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A["Recruit 241 patients with acute inferior wall MI"] --> B["Collect detailed history"age, sex, co-morbidities""];
    B --> C["Perform right-sided ECG"];
    C --> D["Assess and record cardiogenic shock"];
    D --> E["Enter and analyze data using SPSS"];
    E --> F["Calculate frequencies, percentages, means, SDs"];
    F --> G["Assess associations using Chi-square test"];
    G --> H["Draw conclusions on frequency and risk factors"];                    

Discussion

The study highlights that cardiogenic shock remains a significant complication of inferior wall myocardial infarction, contributing to increased mortality. The findings align with previous research indicating that factors such as age, female gender, and co-morbidities like hypertension and diabetes are associated with a higher risk of developing cardiogenic shock. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying these risk factors to improve patient outcomes.

Key Findings

- 7.9% of patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction were found to have cardiogenic shock.
- Significant associations between cardiogenic shock and age, female gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and family history of CAD were observed (P-values < 0.05).
- Out of 241 patients, 144 were male (59.8%) and 97 were female (40.2%).
- The mean age was 52.58 ± 10.13 years.
- Hypertension was present in 44.8% of patients, and diabetes in 14.5%.

Conclusion

Cardiogenic shock poses an increased risk in patients with inferior myocardial infarction, particularly when complicated by right ventricular infarction. Factors such as female gender, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are identified as significant risk factors for cardiogenic shock in patients with coronary heart disease.

Fact Check

- The study was conducted between January and July 2017. (Confirmed in "Period" and "Study Design" sections).
- A total of 241 patients were recruited. (Confirmed in "Material & Methods" and "Results" sections).
- The frequency of cardiogenic shock found in the study was 7.9%. (Confirmed in "Results" and "Discussion" sections).

Mind Map