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Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Cotton Genotypes Under Climate of Multan


Article Information

Title: Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Cotton Genotypes Under Climate of Multan

Authors: Shoaib Ahmed, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Awwab Tariq, Umair Riaz, Adnan Fareed, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram, Zulqurnain Khan, Maher Iftikhar Ahmad, Junaid Imam

Journal: Plant Bulletin

HEC Recognition History
Category From To
Y 2024-10-01 2025-12-31
Y 2023-07-01 2024-09-30

Publisher: Airanam Research

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2023

Volume: 2

Issue: 1

Language: English

DOI: 10.55627/pbulletin.002.02.0365

Keywords: cottonClimate changeWater scarcityNitrogen use efficiencyGreenhouse gas emission

Categories

Abstract

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water scarcity are the biggest problems in the agriculture sector. These problems can arise in arid and semi-arid areas with water scarcity and low soil fertility. Cotton in south Punjab faces these problems during growth and development stages, so the yield results are lower than in other cotton-producing regions. This study was designed to assess the potential of different cotton genotypes grown on various water and nitrogen (N) applications. This study involves seven cotton crop genotypes with three irrigation levels, i.e., 18, 13, and 9 irrigations with N application at 200, 250, and 300 kg ha-1 under randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial arrangement with three replications of each treatment. The data regarding plant growth, yield, and physiology was collected. The results indicated that Genotype IUB-13 showed a higher N uptake of 0.84% among the other seven genotypes tested at (T2). Among the seven genotypes tested, NAIB-878 demonstrated a significantly higher value of lint weight 1200 g in block-1 and T2.  The finding of this study concluded that higher N levels under deficit irrigation could help to reduce the yield gaps by increasing the growth of cotton genotypes under the climatic conditions of Multan.


Research Objective

To assess the potential of different cotton genotypes grown on various water and nitrogen (N) applications, to produce cotton crop under reduced water and urea application, to screen out cotton crop genotypes with high Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) under deficit irrigation, and to study the effects of reduced nitrogen and irrigation application on crop growth and yield.


Methodology

The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) under a factorial arrangement with three replications. Seven cotton genotypes were sown and subjected to three irrigation levels (9, 13, and 18 irrigations) and three nitrogen (N) application rates (200, 250, and 300 kg ha-1). Data on plant growth, yield, and physiological parameters were collected and analyzed using ANOVA.

Methodology Flowchart
                        graph TD
    A[Experimental Setup: 7 Genotypes, 3 Irrigation Levels, 3 N Levels] --> B[Data Collection: Growth, Yield, Physiology];
    B --> C[Statistical Analysis: ANOVA];
    C --> D[Results Interpretation];
    D --> E[Conclusion and Recommendations];                    

Discussion

The study highlights the significant impact of genotype and nitrogen treatments on various growth and yield parameters of cotton. Genotype selection is crucial for optimizing Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) under deficit irrigation. Specific genotypes like NAIB-878 and IUB-13 showed promising results in terms of yield-contributing parameters and photosynthetic efficiency, respectively. The findings suggest that higher N levels under deficit irrigation can help reduce yield gaps by increasing the growth of cotton genotypes in the climatic conditions of Multan.


Key Findings

- Genotype IUB-13 showed a higher N uptake of 0.84%.
- Genotype NAIB-878 demonstrated a significantly higher value of lint weight (1200 g) and total boll weight (2533.33 g).
- Genotype CKC-6 exhibited the highest average plant height (139 cm) and number of sympodial branches (26.66).
- Genotype NIAB-878 displayed the highest water use efficiency (2.8 kg ha-1 mm-1).
- Genotype IUB-13 had the highest photosynthetic rate (62 µmol CO2/ m-2 s-1).


Conclusion

Genotype is vital in conserving fresh water and reducing N losses. Deficit irrigation plays a crucial role in addressing water scarcity and ensuring the economic well-being of farmers. The study's findings have practical implications for cotton cultivation in Multan, suggesting improvements in irrigation strategies, crop management, and nutrient balance to enhance yield and sustainability.


Fact Check

- Pakistan is the world's 5th biggest cotton producer. (Confirmed by the text stating "Pakistan is the world's 5th biggest cotton producer").
- The study was conducted in Multan, Pakistan. (Confirmed by the text stating "The study was conducted in the MNS-University of Agriculture research area, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan").
- Seven cotton genotypes were tested. (Confirmed by the text listing "Seven cotton genotypes (CIM-668, IUB-13, BS-15, CKC-6, UAM-20, MNH-1020, and NIAB-878)").


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