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Title: Evaluation of chemical treatments for managing bacterial leaf spot in chili caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Authors: Tahreem Fatima, Muhammad Atiq, Luqman Aamrao, Muhammad Muzammil Jahangir, Jamil Shafi, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Jahanzaib Matloob, Asad Ullah, Nasar ur Rehman Khan, Aniqa Ijaz, Hadeeqa Riasat
Journal: Plant Protection
Publisher: Center for Community Learning
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 8
Issue: 4
Language: English
Keywords: Cabrio TopChili bacterial diseasesChemical control strategiesBacterial leaf spot managementDisease suppression
Chilli, a highly important and valuable crop worldwide, belongs to the Solanaceae family. In Pakistan, Sindh is the leading producer of chilli. However, bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria poses a significant threat, leading to yield losses of up to 40% globally. Effective management of BLS has become a critical concern. In the current study, five chemicals, Cabrio Top, Oxyrich, Kocide, Electus Super, and Forum Top, were evaluated for their efficacy in managing BLS. An in vitro experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment and three concentrations (200, 250, and 300 ppm) of each chemical. The results revealed that Cabrio Top exhibited the largest inhibition zone (18.710 mm), followed by Electus Super (16.730 mm), Forum Top (13.653 mm), and Kocide (11.759 mm), compared to the untreated control. Subsequently, an in vivo experiment was designed using the randomized complete block design with three replications and three concentrations (1, 2, and 3 g/L) of the best-performing chemicals. The combined treatment of Cabrio Top + Oxyrich demonstrated the most significant results, showing the lowest disease incidence (23.544%), followed by Oxyrich (31.559%) and Cabrio Top (37.193%). The findings of this study conclude that the combined application of Cabrio Top and Oxyrich is a promising approach for managing BLS in chilli under field conditions.
To evaluate the efficacy of five different chemical treatments in managing bacterial leaf spot (BLS) in chili caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.
The study involved two phases: an in vitro experiment and an in vivo (field) experiment.
In vitro: Five chemicals (Cabrio Top, Oxyrich, Kocide, Electus Super, and Forum Top) were tested at three concentrations (200, 250, and 300 ppm) using a completely randomized design with three replications. The efficacy was measured by the inhibition zone diameter.
In vivo: The best-performing chemicals from the in vitro trials were further evaluated in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replications and three concentrations (1, 2, and 3 g/L). Disease incidence was recorded weekly.
graph TD
A[Collect Diseased Chili Samples] --> B[Isolate, Purify, and Identify Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria];
B --> C[Pathogenicity Test];
C --> D[In Vitro Evaluation of Chemicals];
D --> E[Select Best Performing Chemicals];
E --> F[In Vivo Field Evaluation of Selected Chemicals];
F --> G[Data Analysis];
G --> H[Conclusion and Recommendations];
The study highlights the effectiveness of chemical control strategies for managing bacterial leaf spot in chili. Cabrio Top and Oxyrich, particularly in combination, proved to be promising for disease management. The discussion also touches upon the limitations of chemical control, such as the potential for resistance development and environmental impact, suggesting the need for integrated disease management.
In vitro, Cabrio Top showed the largest inhibition zone (20.173 mm), followed by Oxyrich (18.710 mm).
In vivo, the combined treatment of Cabrio Top + Oxyrich demonstrated the most significant results, showing the lowest disease incidence (23.544%), followed by Oxyrich (31.559%) and Cabrio Top (37.193%).
The combined application of Cabrio Top and Oxyrich is a promising and effective strategy for managing bacterial leaf spot in chili under field conditions.
1. Yield losses due to bacterial leaf spot can be up to 40% globally. (Confirmed in the text).
2. Pakistan ranks 4th in chili production globally. (Confirmed in the text).
3. Cabrio Top exhibited the largest inhibition zone of 20.173 mm in vitro. (Confirmed in the text).
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