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Title: Minimization of Frost Injury in Mango cv. Sindhri via Different Irrigation Levels
Authors: Muhammad Ikhlaq, Ammara Noreen, Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi, Muhammad Azhar Bashir, Kashif Shabir, Naseem Sharif, Wali Muhammad, Bilal Akram, Lubna Altaf, Muhammad Faraz Ayoub Khan, Aqib Nawaz Mughal, Waqar Jaleel
Journal: Plant Protection
Publisher: Center for Community Learning
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2023
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Language: English
Keywords: irrigationMoisturePhenologySoil Moisture MeterVegetative performancereproductive performance.
Mango is one of the most important fruit crops all over the world. It is the second-most significant fruit crop in Pakistan. The standardization of irrigation needs for the mango crop is one of the primary and most crucial factors for reducing frost injury, improving fruit quality, and yield, which must be taken into account. Low moisture content in the soil increases the likelihood of frost injury, so it is essential to maintain an ideal amount of moisture to mitigate such damage. To conserve valuable irrigation water, apply water only during critical stages. Research was conducted at the Experimental Orchard of Makhdom Ahmad Aalam Anwar, Mohsin Abad, during 2020-21 and 2021-22. Mango trees of the Sindhri variety were of uniform age (20 years) for this experiment. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design. Irrigation was applied to mango trees at three different moisture levels (35-40%, 30-35%, and 25-30%) that were measured and maintained via the HH 2 Moisture Meter (Version 2.3). The mango trees showed good results at the 35-40% soil moisture level compared with the rest of the treatments, especially in terms of vegetative growth. Fruit size, yield per tree, and total soluble solids of the fruit were maximum in mango trees irrigated at 35-40%. Minimum frost incidence (21%) was observed at the 35-40% moisture level, while maximal damage by frost (37%) was noticed in plants subjected to the 25-30% moisture level. This study concludes that moisture level is more important for enhancing mango yield. It will be more supportive for future work on the impact of frost injury in the mango crop.
To determine the ideal soil moisture levels for mango cultivation to minimize frost injury, improve fruit quality, and enhance yield.
The study was conducted at the Experimental Orchard of Makhdom Ahmad Aalam Anwar, Mohsin Abad, during 2020-21 and 2021-22, using 20-year-old Sindhri mango trees. A randomized complete block design was employed with three irrigation treatments based on soil moisture levels (35-40%, 30-35%, and 25-30%) measured by an HH2 Moisture Meter. Data on vegetative performance (flushes, leaf length/width), frost injury, flowering, fruit setting, fruit development (splitting, sun scorching, volume, yield, total soluble solids), and number of irrigations were collected and statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests.
graph TD
A[Select 20-year-old Sindhri Mango Trees] --> B[Randomized Complete Block Design];
B --> C[Apply 3 Irrigation Treatments];
C --> D[Measure Soil Moisture 35-40%, 30-35%, 25-30%];
D --> E[Collect Data: Vegetative Growth, Frost Injury, Flowering, Fruit Development, Irrigations];
E --> F[Statistical Analysis: ANOVA, LSD];
F --> G[Draw Conclusions];
The study highlights the critical role of soil moisture in mango cultivation, impacting vegetative and reproductive performance, fruit quality, and frost resistance. While higher moisture levels (35-40%) promoted vegetative growth and yield, lower levels (25-30%) offered irrigation savings but increased frost susceptibility. The findings suggest a balance is needed to optimize yield and water use efficiency while mitigating frost damage.
The 35-40% soil moisture level resulted in the best vegetative growth, highest fruit size, yield per tree, and total soluble solids. Minimum frost incidence (21%) was observed at 35-40% moisture, while maximum damage (37%) occurred at 25-30% moisture. Significant irrigation savings were achieved at lower moisture levels (30-35% and 25-30%).
Maintaining soil moisture at 35-40% is optimal for enhancing mango yield, fruit quality, and vegetative growth, while also minimizing frost injury. Lower moisture levels can lead to significant irrigation savings but increase frost risk.
1. Frost Injury Incidence: Minimum frost incidence was 21% at 35-40% moisture, and maximum damage was 37% at 25-30% moisture.
2. Mango Production Ranking: Pakistan is the sixth largest mango-producing country.
3. Tree Age: Mango trees used in the experiment were of uniform age (20 years).
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