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Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Phytoextracts and Chemicals against Root Rot of Soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani


Article Information

Title: Evaluation of Antifungal Potential of Phytoextracts and Chemicals against Root Rot of Soybean caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Authors: Ayesha Batool, Nasir Ahmed Rajput, Muhammad Atiq, Nasir Ahmad Khan, Akhtar Hameed, Muhammad Ehsan Khan, Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo, Hamza Tariq

Journal: Plant Protection

HEC Recognition History
Category From To
X 2024-10-01 2025-12-31
Y 2022-07-01 2023-06-30

Publisher: Center for Community Learning

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2023

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Language: English

DOI: 10.33804/pp.007.03.4901

Keywords: FungicidesGarlicGreenhouse conditionsSoil borneTilt

Categories

Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes root rot diseases in various crops. The soybean crop is also susceptible to this pathogen, resulting in severe yield losses. Due to its soil-borne nature, controlling infestations with a single treatment is challenging. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate synthetic chemicals and phytoextracts as an integrated approach to manage soybean root rot caused by R. solani under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Diseased samples were collected from the field area of the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The pathogen was isolated and identified as Rhizoctonia solani using available literature at the Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology. Four fungicides (Tilt, Cabriotop, Amister top, and Champion) and phytoextracts (Garlic, Ginger, Turmeric, and Eucalyptus) were investigated at three different concentrations under in vitro conditions using the poisoned food technique. The findings revealed that significant inhibition of mycelial growth was observed with Tilt fungicide (4.5 mm) and Garlic extract (12.92 mm) at all concentrations. Subsequently, these two were further investigated under greenhouse conditions, both individually and in combination. Results indicated that the combination of Tilt + Garlic was highly effective against soybean root rot, with the lowest disease incidence of 4.52%, followed by the sole application of Tilt (13.35%) and Garlic (15.75%), respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that using more than one treatment in an integrated approach can be more effective in controlling soil-borne pathogens such as R. solani .


Research Objective

To evaluate synthetic chemicals and phytoextracts as an integrated approach to manage soybean root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.


Methodology

Diseased soybean samples were collected, and the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani was isolated and identified. Four fungicides (Tilt, Cabriotop, Amister top, and Champion) and four phytoextracts (Garlic, Ginger, Turmeric, and Eucalyptus) were tested at three different concentrations using the poisoned food technique under in vitro conditions. The most effective fungicide and phytoextract were further investigated individually and in combination under greenhouse conditions. Experiments were conducted under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and data analyzed using ANOVA with LSD test.

Methodology Flowchart
                        graph TD
    A[Sample Collection & Pathogen Isolation] --> B[In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides & Phytoextracts];
    B --> C[Identify Most Effective Treatments];
    C --> D[Greenhouse Evaluation of Selected Treatments];
    D --> E[Analyze Disease Incidence];
    E --> F[Conclusion on Integrated Management];                    

Discussion

The study highlights the effectiveness of an integrated approach combining chemical fungicides and phytoextracts for managing soybean root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Tilt, a demethylation inhibitor, demonstrated strong antifungal activity. Garlic extract also showed significant inhibitory effects. The combination of Tilt and Garlic proved to be the most effective strategy, suggesting that using multiple treatments can enhance control of soil-borne pathogens. The research also touches upon the growing resistance to chemical fungicides and the need for alternative strategies like phytoextracts.


Key Findings

- In vitro, Tilt fungicide showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth (4.5 mm) and Garlic extract (12.92 mm) at all concentrations.
- Under greenhouse conditions, the combination of Tilt + Garlic was highly effective against soybean root rot, resulting in the lowest disease incidence (4.52%).
- The sole application of Tilt showed 13.35% disease incidence, and Garlic showed 15.75% disease incidence.


Conclusion

An integrated approach using a combination of chemical fungicides and phytoextracts is more effective in controlling soybean root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani than individual treatments. The combination of Tilt and Garlic showed the best results, indicating a promising strategy for sustainable management of this disease.


Fact Check

- Rhizoctonia solani is identified as the pathogen causing root rot in soybean.
- Tilt fungicide and Garlic extract were found to be the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth in vitro.
- The combination of Tilt and Garlic resulted in the lowest disease incidence (4.52%) under greenhouse conditions.


Mind Map

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