DefinePK

Abstract

Besides the economic aspect behind the renewable energy sources (RESs) and the electric vehicles (EVs), burning less fossil fuel is a significant response to the calls for the environment preservation. The RESs and EVs can optimize the grid operation. However, the RESs are intermittent in nature, and the EVs have different operation modes. Their changing pattern of operation is challenging and may initiate serious problems in the power grid. They necessitate enhancing the flexibility of the grid to enable handling the dynamics. This paper investigates the problem of lines flow congestion as a result of the arising dynamics. Then, the congestion is relieved through the action of the Phase Shifting Transformer (PST) as used to control the active power flow. It is found that two PSTs are sufficient to enhance the flexibility of the grid to enable securely facing operating conditions like EVs fleet connection-disconnection, power system components outage, wind farm s output drop or complete shutdown considering 11.08% penetration level, and various combinations of such changing circumstances. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to model a modified IEEE-14 bus system, the RESs, the EVs, and the PSTs. The results revealed the successful interaction of the grid with the dynamics of the RESs and EVs, and components outage.