DefinePK

Abstract

In the last few years, wireless sensor networks )WSN( have become an active area for researchers due to its broad and growing application. However, routing is a critical issue that needs consideration as it directly impacts the performance of WSN. Several protocols have been proposed to address this issue as well as reducing energy consumption and prolong a lifetime of the sensor nodes in WSN. The chain-based is one approach from Hierarchical routing protocols which reduces the energy consumption in WSN. However, a problem arises when the chain has long-link (LL) from the base station (BS). This paper presents a comprehensive survey on chain-base hierarchical routing protocols, in terms of details, who to work, Phases, figures, and the main advantage and disadvantage for each protocol. Furthermore, the characteristics of chain-based routing protocols and the performance metrics that are used in WSN are discussed. Finally, this paper presents open challenges for researchers.