Association of Forward Head Posture and Hand Grip Strength Among Mobile Users

Article Information

Title: Association of Forward Head Posture and Hand Grip Strength Among Mobile Users

Authors: Namra Riaz, Warda Saeed, Laraib Shabir, Sehar Nouman, Kiran Haq, Naseebullah Sheikh, Shumaila Batool, Noor Ul Eman

Journal: Indus Journal of Bioscience Research (IJBR)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31

Publisher: Indus Education and Research Network

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2024

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Language: English

DOI: 10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.352

Keywords: Forward head postureCraniovertebral angleErgonomicssmartphone usageMusculoskeletal HealthHand Grip Strength

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association between forward head posture (FHP) and hand grip strength among smartphone users. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 participants aged 18-30 years. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. Demographics (age, gender, daily smartphone usage) were recorded. Forward head posture was assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA) measured with a goniometer. Hand grip strength was evaluated using a handheld dynamometer with participants seated, the elbow flexed at 90°, and the forearm in neutral position. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between CVA and grip strength in SPSS version 25, with a p-value &lt;0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 24.02±3.5424.02±3.54 years, with an average smartphone usage of 8.47±1.708.47±1.70 hours. The mean CVA was 36.92±2.8636.92±2.86 degrees, and the mean hand grip strength was 22.07±6.6622.07±6.66 kg. A significant positive correlation was found between CVA and hand grip strength (r=0.459, p=0.01r=0.459, p=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed stronger correlation in males (r=0.482r=0.482) than females (r=0.443r=0.443). Conclusion: FHP significantly affects hand grip strength, with prolonged smartphone use being a major contributor. Ergonomic interventions are needed to reduce musculoskeletal risks.

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Research Objective

To determine the association between forward head posture (FHP) and hand grip strength among smartphone users.

Methodology

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 participants aged 18-30 years using non-probability purposive sampling. Demographics (age, gender, daily smartphone usage) were recorded. Forward head posture was assessed using the craniovertebral angle (CVA) measured with a goniometer. Hand grip strength was evaluated using a handheld dynamometer. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between CVA and grip strength in SPSS version 25.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD;
    A["Recruit 130 participants 18-30 years"] --> B["Collect demographic data and smartphone usage"];
    B --> C["Measure Craniovertebral Angle CVA"]);
    C --> D["Measure Hand Grip Strength"];
    D --> E["Analyze correlation between CVA and Grip Strength using Pearson correlation"];
    E --> F["Report Findings"];

Discussion

The study found a significant positive correlation between craniovertebral angle and hand grip strength, indicating that a smaller CVA (more severe FHP) is associated with reduced hand grip strength. This aligns with previous research suggesting that cervical spinal stress and nerve compression from FHP can impair upper limb function. The findings suggest that prolonged smartphone use negatively impacts musculoskeletal health, and ergonomic interventions are needed.

Key Findings

A significant positive correlation was found between CVA and hand grip strength (r=0.459, p=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger correlation in males (r=0.482) than females (r=0.443). Prolonged smartphone use was identified as a major contributor to FHP affecting hand grip strength.

Conclusion

Forward head posture significantly affects hand grip strength, with prolonged smartphone use being a major contributor. Ergonomic interventions are needed to reduce musculoskeletal risks.

Fact Check

* 130 participants aged 18-30 years were included in the study.
* The mean craniovertebral angle was 36.92±2.86 degrees.
* A significant positive correlation between CVA and hand grip strength was found with r=0.459 and p=0.01.

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