Comparison of Lipid Profile and Insulin Sensitivity in Rabbits Fed with High-Fat or High Fructose Diets

Article Information

Title: Comparison of Lipid Profile and Insulin Sensitivity in Rabbits Fed with High-Fat or High Fructose Diets

Authors: Allah Bux Kachiwal, Raheela Mangi, Mool Chand Malhi, Mehboob Alam Syed

Journal: Indus Journal of Bioscience Research (IJBR)

HEC Recognition History

Category	From	To
Y	2024-10-01	2025-12-31

Publisher: Indus Education and Research Network

Country: Pakistan

Year: 2024

Volume: 2

Issue: 2

Language: English

DOI: 10.70749/ijbr.v2i02.150

Keywords: Biochemical profileLipid ProfileWeight gainInsulin sensitivityGlucoseHigh FatHigh Protein

Abstract

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are significant global health challenges influenced by dietary and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to develop an experimental rabbit model of obesity and metabolic syndrome using high-fat and high-fructose diets over 11 weeks. Rabbits were divided into three groups: group A (control) fed a basal diet, group B fed a high-fat diet, and group C fed a high-fructose diet. Key metrics assessed included body weight, fat mass, basal glycemia, glucose infusion rate (GIR), total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels.Group B (high-fat diet) showed the highest body weight (2640±70g) and fat mass (90±12.2g), while group A (control) had the lowest values (2420±40g and 63.3±9.5g, respectively). Group C (high-fructose diet) exhibited the highest basal glycemia (5.52±0.31 mmol/l) and TAG levels (2±0.30 mmol/l). GIR was highest in group A (18.5±1.2 mg/kg/min) and lowest in group B (12.9±2.0 mg/kg/min). Total cholesterol was highest in group A (2.04±0.14 mmol/l) and lowest in group C (1.83±0.14 mmol/l). NEFA levels peaked in group C (0.41±0.04 mmol/l) and were lowest in group A (0.3±0.04 mmol/l).The study demonstrated that high-fat and high-fructose diets induce distinct metabolic changes in rabbits, modeling key features of obesity and metabolic syndrome. These findings highlight the differential impacts of these diets, providing a basis for further research into the mechanisms and dietary influences driving these conditions

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Research Objective

To compare the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in rabbits fed with high-fat or high-fructose diets over 11 weeks to develop an experimental rabbit model of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Methodology

Twelve-week-old male Albino rabbits were divided into three groups (n=15 each): control (basal diet), high-fat diet, and high-fructose diet. Diets were administered for 10-11 weeks. Parameters assessed included body weight, body fat mass (using isotope dilution with deuterium oxide), basal glycemia, glucose infusion rate (GIR) via euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp, and plasma lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)). Statistical analysis involved ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A[Select Rabbits 12-week-old males] --> B[Divide into 3 groups];
    B --> C[Group A: Control Basal Diet];
    B --> D[Group B: High-Fat Diet];
    B --> E[Group C: High-Fructose Diet];
    C --> F[Administer Diet 10-11 weeks];
    D --> F;
    E --> F;
    F --> G[Measure Body Weight & Fat Mass];
    F --> H[Measure Basal Glycemia];
    F --> I[Perform Euglycaemic-Hyperinsulinaemic Clamp GIR];
    F --> J[Analyze Plasma Lipid Profiles TC, TAG, NEFA];
    G --> K[Statistical Analysis ANOVA, Tukey's];
    H --> K;
    I --> K;
    J --> K;
    K --> L[Draw Conclusions];

Discussion

High-fat diets were found to be more obesogenic, leading to increased body weight and fat mass. High-fructose diets did not significantly alter body weight or fat mass but induced specific lipid metabolism changes, including increased TAG and NEFA. Both diets contributed to dyslipidemia, but through distinct mechanisms. The high-fat diet was associated with increased adiposity and lipid storage, while the high-fructose diet disrupted lipid metabolism more profoundly, potentially contributing to insulin resistance.

Key Findings

The high-fat diet group showed the highest body weight and fat mass. The high-fructose diet group exhibited the highest basal glycemia and TAG levels. The control group had the highest GIR (indicating better insulin sensitivity) and the lowest body weight and fat mass. Total cholesterol was highest in the control group, while NEFA levels were highest in the high-fructose diet group.

Conclusion

High-fat and high-fructose diets differentially impact metabolic parameters in rabbits. High-fat diets are more effective in inducing obesity, while high-fructose diets lead to specific alterations in lipid metabolism. Understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted dietary interventions to combat obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Fact Check

1. Duration of study: The study involved feeding rabbits high-fat or high-fructose diets for 10-11 weeks.
2. Body weight comparison: The high-fat diet group showed the highest body weight (2640±70g), compared to the control group (2420±40g).
3. Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR): The control group had the highest GIR (18.5±1.2 mg/kg/min), indicating better insulin sensitivity.

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