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Abstract

Background: Breast cysts are common benign tumors that are frequently treated surgically to avoid problems and recurrence. Analyzing this strategy helps to maximize results.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of simple surgical excision for treatment of breast cysts focusing on outcomes, recurrence rates, postoperative complications, and multiple biomarkers.
Methods: Current prospective observational study was conducted with 150 female patients who underwent simple surgical excision of breast cysts from September 2023 to September 2024. Recurrence rates, postoperative complications, cosmetic outcomes and the relationship between biomarker profiles and recurrence were evaluated in patients and ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, p53 and BCL-2 were assessed with immunohistochemistry. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test for categorical variables and independent t- tests for continuous variables with (P < 0.05) considered statistically significant.
Results: Within 12 month follow up period, 8 patients (5.3%) had a repeat cyst. Ki-67 expression (>20%) was significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.03), p53 overexpression (P = 0.04), and BCL-2 positivity (P = 0.02). There was no significant association with recurrence of ER, PR, HER2 and triple negative status. Seventeen patients (11.3%) had postoperative complications, most commonly wound infection (4.0%, P = 0.03). Cosmetic outcomes were generally favorable, however, patients reported lower overall satisfaction with the cosmetic outcomes in association with recurrence or complications (P = 0.04).
Conclusions: Breast cysts can be successfully treated with simple surgical excision, which has good cosmetic results and a low recurrence rate. Larger cysts raise the likelihood of seroma with controllable consequences, BCL-2 provides protection, and biomarkers such as Ki-67 and p53 indicate high-risk instances.