DefinePK

Research Objective

To investigate the prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites (Babesia sp., Anaplasma marginale, and Anaplasma centrale) in cattle in the `Bathan' areas of Sirajganj and Pabna districts in Bangladesh.

Methodology

Blood samples were collected from 120 cattle across five distinct areas in Sirajganj and Pabna districts over a one-year period (September 2019 to August 2020), covering winter, summer, and rainy seasons. Samples were examined using the Giemsa-stained thin smear method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test.

Methodology Flowchart

                        graph TD
    A[Study Area and Period Defined] --> B[Blood Sample Collection from 120 Cattle];
    B --> C[Sample Preparation: Thin Smears];
    C --> D[Staining with Giemsa];
    D --> E[Microscopic Examination];
    E --> F[Identification of Parasites];
    F --> G[Data Compilation and Statistical Analysis];
    G --> H[Results and Conclusion];                    

Discussion

The study's findings on the prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites are compared with previous research in Bangladesh and other regions, noting similarities and differences attributed to variations in geographical location, cattle population, vector availability, land type, and study periods. The discussion highlights the increased susceptibility of older animals and females to these infections, and the seasonal influence, particularly the higher prevalence during the rainy season, likely due to tick population dynamics.

Key Findings

- Overall prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites was 28.33%.
- Identified parasites included Babesia sp. (8.33%), Anaplasma marginale (12.50%), and Anaplasma centrale (3.33%).
- Co-infections with A. marginale and A. centrale were found in 4.16% of cattle.
- Higher prevalence of Anaplasma spp. (25.0%) and Babesia sp. (10.0%) was observed in older animals (more than 3 years old).
- Females showed a higher prevalence of both Anaplasma sp. (23.44%) and Babesia sp. (10.94%) compared to males.
- The prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites was highest in the rainy season, followed by summer and winter.

Conclusion

The study confirms the occurrence of Babesia sp. and Anaplasma sp. in cattle in the `Bathan' regions of Bangladesh. Higher prevalence was observed in female and older animals, and during the rainy season. The research emphasizes the need for control measures that consider sex, age, and seasonal variations for effective management of these protozoan infections.

Fact Check

- A total of 120 cattle were examined. (Confirmed in Abstract and Materials and Methods)
- The overall prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites was 28.33%. (Confirmed in Abstract and Results)
- Anaplasma marginale was found in 12.50% of cattle. (Confirmed in Abstract and Results)

Mind Map