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Abstract

Background: A frequent reason for mortality and severe disability is pulmonary embolism (PE). High death rates continue to be a prevalent issue even with advancements in diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the Incidence and outcome of pulmonary embolism in trauma and orthopaedic patients.Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology and Orthopedic, Saidu Teaching Hospital, Swat from January 2017 to December 2019 after obtaining approval from the ethical committee of the institute. All the participants admitted for acute trauma or elective orthopaedic procedures during the study period were included. All the individuals with suspected PE were examined through (CT-PA) to conform PE, within 6 months following the operation or the injury. The study conducted a retrospective examination of case notes and computerized databases to determine the risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), therapy type, thromboprophylaxis, and death of each patient.Results: Only 88 (0.48%) of the 18,153 patients hospitalized over the research period reported PE (positive CT-PA). Of these, 62 received acute trauma and 26 received elective surgery. Out of these approximately 75% of these individuals were given thromboprophylaxis. The three most often identified risk factors were being overweight, cardiovascular illness, and high blood pressure. After PE, the mortality rate was 0.07%. The death rate in the trauma group was 0.15 percent, whereas it was 0.02 percent for elective orthopaedic surgical procedures. The frequency of death was substantially correlated with the presence of at least two co-morbidities (unadjusted OR = 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34, 18.99), P = 0.034).Conclusion: The frequency of VTE was in parallel to previously reported results but there was a lower death rate. The treatment protocols were most effective performed in this study.