DefinePK

Abstract

This review paper thoroughly analyses maize's morphological, physiological, and phytochemical responses to different abiotic stressors. As a staple cereal crop of global importance, maize has several challenges that significantly impact its growth and yield, including salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures. Climate change will generally impact plants' abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms, and maize specifically, despite many unanswered questions. Despite this, it is still impossible to draw wide conclusions because plants react differently to various stresses at different times. The review synthesizes current knowledge on the morphological adaptations, encompassing changes in root architecture and leaf morphology, as strategies maize employs to navigate adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, the article examines the physiological responses of maize, shedding light on mechanisms that enhance stress tolerance, including adjustments in water use efficiency, pH and the activation of cellular protective pathways. Furthermore, the review delves into the dynamic alterations in phytochemical profiles, highlighting maize's capacity to synthesize secondary metabolites as part of its adaptive arsenal. This comprehensive exploration of maize's responses to abiotic stressors contributes valuable insights for researchers, breeders, and policymakers working towards developing resilient maize varieties and sustainable agricultural practices in an ever-changing environment.