DefinePK

Abstract

Rice cultivation in Pakistan is important for local food security and international trade, especially through export of popular brands like Kernel and Super Basmati. However, the industry faces significant challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses, including leaf blight (BLB) caused by Thomonas oryzae PV. which can cause decline. The prevalence of BLB is increasing in Pakistan, affecting weak Basmati varieties and causing up to 30% crop failure, especially when the disease occurs during the critical growth period. This disease and others like bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia glumae, demonstrate the interaction between bacteria, climate change (such as temperature and humidity) and genetics. MAS promote Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are medicinal and antibacterial. Extensive research has identified several genes (R genes) against BLB such as XA1, XA21 and XA7, which have been successfully incorporated into various rice varieties to enhance disease resistance. Genetic modification, although promising for rapid incorporation of protective genes, requires careful monitoring to ensure safety and efficacy across generations. Crop production, and entrance screening, including in wild rice, also play an important role in identifying emerging sources of disease resistance. Future research will focus on developing these technologies to improve crop production and disease resistance, thereby protecting food security in Pakistan and beyond.