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Abstract

Solar energy conversion, particularly through photovoltaic technology, holds immense promise for sustainable and renewable energy generation. This paper offers a comprehensive overview of solar energy conversion from a physics perspective. It delves into the underlying principles of photovoltaic cells, including the physics of semiconductor materials, electron-hole pair generation, and the mechanisms of energy conversion. The paper also explores recent advancements in solar cell technologies and discusses the challenges and opportunities in harnessing solar energy for widespread adoption. Through a detailed examination of the physics involved, this paper aims to provide insights into the fundamental processes driving solar energy conversion and its potential for meeting global energy demands.