DefinePK

Abstract

Stomach as a highly important portion of the GIT which is responsible for storage, digestion of food, immune defense, and hormonal organization of metabolic homeostasis; it originates from posterior foregut. The transcription factors such as Forkhead Box A (Foxa1/2/3), Gata Binding Protein (Gata4/6), Hnf1 Homeobox B (Hnf1b), and Sry- Box Transcription Factor 2 (Sox2) have a crucial role in gastric specification. Endodermal foregut patterning and regionalization, mesenchymal differentiation and cell lineage specification of stomach are affected by many essential factors such as Retinoic acid (RA) signalling, Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signals, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling and GATA family .There is a lack for understanding the organ lineage relationships and lineage-specific markers during stomach development and differentiation. The objectives of this review are to focus on the normal development and the mesenchymal differentiation of the stomach and to highlight the relatively limited information we have about genes and transcription factors associated with stomach specification, regionalization, and differentiation of component cell lineages.