DefinePK

Abstract

The interplay between genetics and cancer has been a focal point of research for decades, leading to profound understandings into the molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis. In this comprehensive review article, we explore the genetic basis of cancer, encompassing the diverse array of alterations that underline oncogenic transformation. From oncogenes to tumor suppressor genes, and from point mutations to chromosomal rearrangements, we delve into the molecular hallmarks of cancer and their implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Drawing on recent advancements in genomic technologies, we discuss the role of next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing, and computational modeling in unraveling the complexity of cancer genetics. Furthermore, we examine the clinical implications of genetic predisposition to cancer, highlighting the importance of genetic testing and counselling in cancer risk assessment and management. Through an exploration of tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and therapeutic resistance, we underscore the challenges and opportunities in precision oncology. Finally, we discuss future directions in cancer genetics research, including precision prevention strategies and ethical considerations. Keywords: Cancer Genetics; Oncogenes; Tumor Suppressor Genes; Genetic Alterations; Precision Oncology; Clonal Evolution