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Abstract

Background:   This study will evaluate gold and silver nanoparticles' antibacterial action against  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  and synergistic effects on the human lung epithelial cell line A549 lung cancer cell line. Methods : Gold and silver nanoparticles (33-40 nm) were obtained from Nanomaterials at quantities of 5, 15, 25, and 35 µg mL⁻¹. The University of Kerbala Biology Department donated bacterial isolates for this investigation. Clinical specimens yielded  Pseudomonas   aeruginosa  and  Staphylococcus aureus  isolates. Vitek-2 confirmed isolate identities and antibiotic susceptibility. Lung cancer was studied using A549 lung cancer cells from a 58-year-old Caucasian male's lung tissue. Results : The results show that nano-gold complexes are more effective than silver nanoparticles against lung cancer. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a significant inhibitory concentration of 35 µg/ml, culminating in a 55 µg/ml anti-cancer effect, while silver nanoparticles have a maximum inhibition of 49 µg/ml. At a concentration of 35 µg/ml, gold nanoparticles inhibit  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  with a 29 mm zone. No significant difference in cell growth inhibition was seen at lower dosages of 5, 15, and 25 µg/ml. The treatment's antioxidant and cytoprotective characteristics reduce paracetamol-induced oxidative stress, explaining this lack of difference. These findings imply that gold nanoparticles may protect against oxidative damage and cancer. Conclusion : The cytotoxic effects of gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) on A549 human lung cancer cells were different. At 35 µg/mL, AuNPs inhibited cell growth by 55%, while AgNPs showed a 49% inhibition rate. AuNPs were more effective against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  than  Staphylococcus aureus  than AgNPs. These findings show that AuNPs may be useful in anticancer and antibacterial therapy, depending on nanoparticle concentration and target specificity.  Keywords: Gold; Silver nanoparticles ;  Lung cancer;  Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa