DefinePK

Abstract

The study  aims to test Impact of Concentrated Ownership in spending on  service expenses (Intangible Expenses), by testing the strength and direction of the relationship and testing the size of Impact of Concentrated Ownership in spending on service expenses in terms of exploitation efficiency and political costs for a sample of banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange (the regular market amounted to (16) banks for the period (2016-2020). One of the most important conclusions reached by the study: With every increase in the percentage of Ownership by Blockholders, spending on service expenses rises without this spending being matched by achieving any returns that are reflected in the form of profits or gains, which is an indication of the inefficiency of exploiting the banks’ resources or that the expenditure of these resources is done for personal gain away from the interests of the non-controlling shareholders, or this spending may be considered an indication of avoiding political costs.
Keywords: Service Expenses, Blockholders, Aggressive Tax.