DefinePK

Abstract

This study applies Vinay and Darbelnet’s model to the analysis of translation techniques within Urdu literature. Nearly sixty years ago, scholars began examining the linguistic shifts that occur during translation, with Vinay (1910–1999) and Darbelnet (1904–1990) presenting a seminal model in 1958. Their framework categorizes translation into three linguistic levels—lexical, syntactic, and contextual—and distinguishes between overarching strategies and specific procedures. The research investigates both direct (literal) and oblique (free) translation approaches, detailing procedures such as borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, and equivalence. It further explores the interaction between linguistic signs, syntactic structures, and contextual messages, emphasizing the importance of cultural nuances in translation. By analyzing the inherent structural and semantic differences between the source and target languages, the study aims to provide a comprehensive framework that guides translators in selecting suitable techniques. The expected outcome is an enhanced understanding of translation processes that improves the fidelity and cultural resonance of translated texts.