DefinePK

Abstract

This study explored the challenges faced by public primary school teachers in developing pupils' reading, writing, and arithmetic skills (3Rs) in Nyamagana District, Mwanza-Tanzania. It aimed to examine the difficulties teachers encounter and identify strategies to enhance the effective teaching and development of these skills. Using a mixed-methods approach and an explanatory sequential design, the study sampled 97 respondents, including teachers, head teachers, and Ward Education Officers. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, with quantitative data analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data analyzed thematically.Findings revealed that teachers struggled with inadequate professional experience and limited pedagogical skills in teaching the 3Rs. Pupils' lack of confidence and interest in learning, coupled with high truancy and absenteeism rates, further hindered progress. Additionally, shortages of physical facilities, teaching materials, and parental support negatively impacted learning. The absence of school feeding programs also affected pupils' concentration and overall academic performance.To address these challenges, the study suggested several strategies, including educating parents on the importance of supporting their children’s learning, enhancing teacher training programs, and ensuring administrative support for both teachers and pupils. Integrating technology and visual aids into instruction and improving school infrastructure were also recommended to create a more conducive learning environment.The study concluded that mastering the 3Rs is fundamental to pupils' academic success, as these skills serve as the foundation for further education. It recommended that the government and education stakeholders invest in teacher training, resource provision, and parental engagement to ensure effective teaching and learning of the 3Rs.