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Title: Effectiveness of entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate against sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis: Potential of entomopathogenic bacteria againt sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis
Authors: Talha Habib, Farid Asif Shaheen, Usama Afzal, Farah Naz
Journal: Zoo Botanica
| Category | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Y | 2024-10-01 | 2025-12-31 |
Publisher: Bioflora (SMC-Private) Limited
Country: Pakistan
Year: 2024
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Language: English
DOI: 10.55627/zoobotanica.002.02.0627
Keywords: Entomopathogenic BacteriaPhonix dactyliferaOryzaephilus surinamensisXenorhabdus nematophilaPhotorhabdus temperate
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silavinidae) is considered as one of the major insect pest under stored product conditions all over the globe. It causes severe damage such as weight loss and the stored products are reducing their quantity and quality. The effectiveness of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate was studied against Oryzaephilus surinamensis in the current study. Total eggs laid by O. surinamensis are significantly reduced by all concentrations of X. nematophila and P. temperate and adults’ number as compared to the control. The higher concentrations gave the higher reduction and vice versa. In the same way, total number of bacteria regarding inhibition of O. surinamensis F1 adult’s emergence gave statistically significant results. The highest bacterial concentration of 1× 108 cells per ml showed maximum rate of inhibition and minimum rate of inhibition was noted in 1× 104 cells per ml. There was a direct relation between inhibition rate and concentration. On the other hand, the days to 100% mortality of F1 adults of O. surinamensis that were fed on dates treated with the highest concentration of P. temperate and X. nematophila were nearly equal. On another side, highest damage was observed by the insects in the dates treated with 1 × 104 cells per ml. In the same way, concentrations of 1 × 105, 1 ×106 and 1 × 107 cells per ml results in higher loss of weight to the stored dates. Similarly, all concentrations of X. nematophila and P. temperate have caused mortality of O. surinamensis significantly as compared to the control. There is a direct relation between insects’ mortality and concentrations. The maximum mortality was observed at 1 × 108 cells per ml concentration and the minimum at 1 × 104 cells per ml. The current study will have significant effect on formulation of microbial development of P. temperate and X. nematophila to control O. surinamensis in stored dates.
To evaluate the effectiveness of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate against the stored product pest Oryzaephilus surinamensis.
The study involved laboratory bioassays using different concentrations of the entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate against Oryzaephilus surinamensis. The insects were reared on dates. Parameters measured included the number of eggs laid, the number of F1 adult progeny emerged, percent inhibition rate of emergence, days to 100% mortality of F1 adults, and percent weight loss of dates. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, and graphical representation was done using Microsoft Excel. Regression models were used to study the impact of treatments on insect parameters.
graph TD
A[Insect Rearing Oryzaephilus surinamensis on dates] --> B[Bacterial Culture Maintenance];
B --> C[Prepare Bacterial Concentrations];
C --> D[Insect Bioassays Treating dates with bacteria];
D --> E[Measure Parameters];
E --> F[Eggs Number];
E --> G[F1 Adult Emergence];
E --> H[Percent Inhibition Rate];
E --> I[Days to 100% Mortality];
E --> J[Weight Loss %];
F --> K[Statistical Analysis];
G --> K;
H --> K;
I --> K;
J --> K;
K --> L[Regression Modeling];
L --> M[Analyze Results];
M --> N[Conclusion];
The findings suggest that entomopathogenic bacteria, specifically Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate, are effective biological control agents against Oryzaephilus surinamensis in stored dates. The results align with previous research indicating the pathogenicity of these bacteria against stored product pests. The study highlights the potential of these bacteria as an alternative to chemical pesticides, addressing issues of resistance and toxic residues.
Both Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate significantly reduced the number of eggs laid by O. surinamensis and the emergence of F1 adults compared to the control. Higher bacterial concentrations resulted in greater reductions. The percent inhibition rate of F1 emergence was directly related to bacterial concentration. The highest concentrations of both bacteria led to the fastest 100% mortality of F1 adults. Weight loss in dates was minimized at the highest bacterial concentrations.
Entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperate demonstrate significant effectiveness in controlling Oryzaephilus surinamensis in stored dates. The study supports the development of microbial control strategies using these bacteria for integrated pest management in stored products.
1. Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silavinidae) is a major insect pest of stored products globally. This is stated in the abstract and introduction.
2. Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of dates globally. This is stated in the introduction, citing Noonari et al., 2015.
3. The highest bacterial concentration tested was 1×108 cells per ml. This concentration is consistently mentioned across various results sections for achieving maximum inhibition and mortality.
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