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Abstract

Promising novel immunotherapies have emerged in the recent past and have greatly impacted the field of oncology and treatment of malignancies. The present paper aims at describing the case, its development, and the existing position of the cancer immunotherapy that includes the checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines. It also looks at the innovative targets like antibody-drug conjugates, immune cell engage, cytokines as well as oncolytic viruses. Special attention is paid to the combination approaches intended for the suppression of the resistance and strengthening of response persistance. The review emphasizes on the application of biomarkers for decision-making in treatment and appliance of the strategies where important issues, such as immune-related adverse events, tumor microenvironmental factors, and resistance to treatment, lie. Finally, the economic and global availably options are also discussed in order to look at the wider perspective of immunotherapy. Lastly, the review provides insights into future perspectives such as; neoadjuvant immunotherapy, innate immune, and adjuvant approaches, and future innovation technologies in the area of AI and spatial omics. As the basis of this article is the advancement of science and clinical perspectives, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers could find the information provided in this article helpful for the enhancement of reachable and fair immunotherapy in cancer treatment