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Abstract

Introduction: The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to public health, prompting the need for systematic approaches to optimize antibiotic use. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) aim to enhance patient outcomes, reduce microbial resistance, and lower unnecessary healthcare costs by promoting appropriate antimicrobial usage.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and observational study was conducted across tertiary-care hospitals between January 2024 and December 2024. Data collection included antimicrobial prescriptions, resistance patterns, intervention outcomes, and adherence to ASP guidelines. Inclusion criteria were adult inpatients receiving antimicrobials; exclusion criteria included immunocompromised individuals and pediatric cases.
Results: There was a significant reduction in broad-spectrum antibiotic use, especially Meropenem from 36% to 20.7% and Piperacillin-tazobactam from 45.3% to 28%. There was a statistically significant decline in total antibiotic consumption, especially Carbapenems: −41.9%, Broad-spectrum β-lactams: −38.1% and Glycopeptides: −25%. Pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli showed reduced resistance to meropenem post-ASP implementation K. pneumoniae: from 42% to 28.7% and E. coli: from 30% to 21.3%.
Conclusion: Antimicrobial stewardship significantly improves antimicrobial use, reduces resistance, and optimizes clinical outcomes. Structured ASPs are essential in combating AMR and improving healthcare quality.