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Abstract

Probiotics have gained attention in recent years as complementary therapeutic agents due to their ability to modulate the microbiota, immune system, and metabolic processes. This review explores the role of probiotics as adjuvants in gynaecological disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as well as in haematological pathologies, including anaemia and autoimmune disorders. Recent evidence on the immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of probiotics is analyzed, highlighting their potential to improve conventional treatment. The data collection was based on scientific papers published between 2019 and 2024. The results suggest that certain probiotic strains can improve hormone balance, reduce inflammatory markers, and optimize the absorption of essential nutrients, showing promise in their clinical integration. However, larger clinical trials are required to establish standardized protocols.