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Abstract

Objective: To explore the integration of salivary biomarkers, histopathological validation, and advanced imaging for precision diagnosis and management of oral diseases.
Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Relevant studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were analyzed, with a focus on biomarker discovery, validation, and non-invasive diagnostic modalities in oral pathology. Data extraction emphasized study design, salivary biomarker specificity, imaging correlations, and clinical utility. The risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and the GRADE criteria were used to determine the evidence quality.
Results: Among the 15 studies included, 6 investigated salivary biomarkers for oral cancer detection, five evaluated non-invasive imaging modalities, and four explored molecular diagnostics in disease progression. Salivary biomarkers (e.g., IL-6, miRNA-21) demonstrated high specificity (AUC >0.85) in distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions. Non-invasive imaging enhanced diagnostic accuracy by 37% (p<0.001). Combined approaches improved early detection and treatment personalization.
Conclusion: Salivary diagnostics offer a powerful, non-invasive tool for personalized disease management in oral pathology. Integrating molecular biomarkers and imaging could revolutionize early detection, reducing the need for invasive procedures and enhancing patient outcomes. Further research is needed to validate biomarker-driven precision medicine strategies.